Antimicrobials

Question 0

What is a gram positive bacteria? (4)

Answer 0

Take up crystal violet stain
Thick Peptidoglycan layer retains stain
Purple under microscope
More receptive to antibiotics - no outer membrane

Question 1

What are the 4 antimicrobial categories?

Answer 1

Gram positive
Gram negative
Obligate anaerobes
Penicillinase producing staph

Question 2

What is a gram negative bacteria? (4)

Answer 2

Doesn’t retain crystal violet stain
Thin Peptidoglycan layerx
Outer membrane
Counterstain safranin recolourises red

Question 3

Give four examples of infections from the environment?

Answer 3

Mycobacteria
Tetanus
Campylobacter
E.coli

Question 4

What is MIC?

Answer 4

Minimum inhibitory concentration (inhibit bacterial growth)

Question 5

What is MIC90?

Answer 5

Therapeutic dose with 90% inhibition

Question 6

Name 3 cell wall antimicrobials?

Answer 6

Penicillin
Cephalosporin
Bacitracin

Question 7

Name four cell membrane antimicrobials?

Answer 7

Polymyxin
Amphotericin B
Imidazole
Nystatin

Question 8

Name five protein synthesis antimicrobials?

Answer 8

Chloramphenicol
Macrolides
Lincosamides
Tetracyclines
Amino glycosides

Question 9

Name five nucleic acid synthesis antimicrobials?

Answer 9

Sulphonamides
Trimethoprim
Quinolones
Metronidazole
Rifampin

Question 10

What are the characteristics of bacteriostatic antimicrobials? (2) examples? (5)

Answer 10

Temp inhibit growth
Reversible once removed
Chloramphenicol
Lincosamides
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Non-potentiated sulphonamides

Question 11

What are the characteristics of bactericidal antimicrobials? (2) examples? (6)

Answer 11

Kill bacteria
G+ive infections
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Aminoglycosides
Fluoroquinolones
TMPs
Metronidazoles

Question 12

What is a time dependent antimicrobial? Examples? (3)

Answer 12

Reaches peak MIC in 24 hours
Penicillin
Cephalosporin
TMPs

Question 13

What is a concentration dependent antimicrobial? Examples? (3)

Answer 13

Peak concentration needs to be achieved
Aminoglycosides
Fluoroquinolones
Metronidazole

Question 14

Gram positive antimicrobials? (8)

Answer 14

Fluoroquinolones
Penicillin G
Aminopenicillin
Cephalosporin
Lincosamides
Macrolide
Tetracyclines
Rifampin

Question 15

Gram negative antimicrobials? (5)

Answer 15

Fluoroquinolones
Aminoglycosides
Cephalosporin
Ticarcillin - clavulate
Amoxy-clav

Question 16

Obligate anaerobe antimicrobials? (6)

Answer 16

Penicillin G
Amoxy-clav
Clindamycin
Metronidazole
Chloramphenicol 
Rifampin

Question 17

Penicillinase producing staph antimicrobials? (6)

Answer 17

Amoxy-clav
Cephalosporin
Cloxacillin
Fluoroquinolones
Rifampin
Clindamycin

Question 18

Name difficult locations for drugs to access? (7)

Answer 18

Brain
Eye
Prostate
Bronchus
Mammary gland
Intracellular
⬇️ vascularised tissue

Question 19

Name some intracellular bacteria (6)

Answer 19

Bartonella
Brucella
Chlamydophilia
Mycobacterium
Rickettsia
Staph facultative

Question 20

Name the poor pharmacokinetic drugs? (5)

Water soluble

Answer 20

Penicillin
Cephalosporin 
B-lactomase inhibitors
Polymixins
Aminoglycosides

Question 21

Name the good pharmacokinetic drugs? (5)

Answer 21

Sulphonamides
Trimethoprim
Lincosamides
Macrolides
Tetracycline

Question 22

Name the great pharmacokinetic drugs? (5)

Lipid soluble

Answer 22

Chloramphenicol
Fluoroquinolones
Lipophillic tetracyclines
Metronidazole
Rifampin

Question 23

What environment factors influence pharmadynamics? (5)

Answer 23

Abscess
Pus
Necrotic debris
Foreign bodies
Odema

Question 24

What antimicrobial should you avoid in layer birds?

Answer 24

Enrofloxacin

Question 25

What antimicrobial is a carcinogenic to be avoided in meat production animals?

Answer 25

Metronidazole