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Pharm 2 > antimicrobials + > Flashcards

antimicrobials + Flashcards

1
Q

What antibiotics are banned in Quebec for food animals? (2)

A

Fluoroquinolones, Cephalosporins 2nd and 3rd generation.

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2
Q

What do antimicrobials do?

A

Kill and inhibit growth.

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3
Q

What type of organism does antimicrobial effect? (4)

A

Bacteria, Protozoa, Viruses, Fungi

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4
Q

cidal suffix means lower concentration, can inhibit or kill. T or F?

A

false

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5
Q

-static suffix means lower concentration, can inhibit or kill. T or F?

A

true

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6
Q

Minimum inhibitory concentration is the measurement of susceptibility of a bacterial strand. T or F?

A

True

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7
Q

Exposure to low levels of antimicrobials in food can cause 2 effects in human beings, what are they?

A

Allergic reaction, bacteria and intestinal tract.

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8
Q

Antimicrobials exert their effects at 5 sites, what are they?

A

Cell wall, Cell membrane, Ribosomes critical enzymes, metabolites and nucleic acids.

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9
Q

Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Aminoglycosides, Fluoroquinolones, Tetracyclines, Macrolides, Sulfonamides, and lincosamides are classes of?

A

Antimicrobials

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10
Q

Penicillin is -static or -cidal?

A

-cidal

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11
Q

What animals do we not use penicillin for?

A

Horses and Rabbits

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12
Q

What enzyme does penicillins affect?

A

B lactam ring

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13
Q

What are natural penicillins?

A

Penicillin G (Injectable only)

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14
Q

What are broad spectrum aminopenicillins? (3)

A

Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin, Oxacillin

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15
Q

Extended spectrum penicillins are? (3)

A

Carbencillin, Ticrcillin, Piperacillin

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16
Q

Cephalosporins is -static or -cidal?

A

-cidal

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17
Q

Cephalosporins and penicillins interfere with cell wall development. T or F.

A

True

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18
Q

Cephalosporin is excreted by?

A

Urine

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19
Q

Cephalosporin 1st generation is most effective against what gram-positive bacteria?

A

Staphylococcus, Streptococcus

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20
Q

Cephalosporin 2nd and 3rd generation affect gram-positive bacteria. T or F?

A

False (neg)

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21
Q

Cephalosporin prefixes are ceph- and cefa-. T or F?

A

True

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22
Q

What can cephalosporin cause? (3)

A

Vomiting, Diarrhea, Anorexia

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23
Q

Aminoglycosides is -static or -cidal?

A

-cidal

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24
Q

Aminoglycosides prevent protein synthesis?

A

True

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25
Q

When aminoglycosides are administered orally they stay in the?

A

GI tract

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26
Q

Aminoglycosides are found in low concentration. T or F?

A

False (High)

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27
Q

Aminoglycosides suffix is?

A

Mycins

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28
Q

Quinolones and Fluoroquinolones are -static or -cidal?

A

-cidal

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29
Q

Quinolones and Fluoroquinolones affect what?

A

Coiling DNA

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30
Q

Quinolones and Fluoroquinolones suffixes?

A

Floxacin

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31
Q

Quinolones are found in high concentration of? (4)

A

Liver, kidney, Lungs, and Bone joint fluid

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32
Q

High doses of quinolones can cause?

A

Retinal damage

33
Q

What animal do we not use Quinolones in?

A

Dairy Cattle

34
Q

Tetracyclines effect?

A

Protein synthesis

35
Q

When should you not give tetracyclines?

A

First few weeks of life.

36
Q

At high doses tetracyclines can slow down what?

A

Bone development.

37
Q

Tetracyclines are given when there is? (2)

A

Inflammation and Immuno-modulator

38
Q

What can oral administration of tetracyclines cause? (3)

A

Vomiting, Diarrhea, Anorexia

39
Q

When dry pilling a cat tetracyclines what can happen?

A

Esophagitis

40
Q

How much water should be administered with oral tetracycline?

A

2-3 ml

41
Q

Sulfonamides interfere with?

A

Folic acid in bacteria synthesis.

42
Q

Sulfonamides that are administered orally are for?

A

Small animals

43
Q

Sulfonamides potentiated are -static or -cidal?

A

-cidal

44
Q

Sulfonamides alone are -static or -cidal?

A

-cidal

45
Q

Sulfonamides injectable are for?

A

Large animals

46
Q

What does sulfonamides treat? (3)

A

Toxoplasma, Coccidia, Chlamydia

47
Q

Sulfonamides are excreted by? (2)

A

Liver, Kidney

48
Q

When giving sulfonamides be careful of? (2)

A

Decrease in tear production and platelets, Skin reactions.

49
Q

Lincosamides are -static or -cidal?

A

Both -static and -cidal

50
Q

Lincosamides interfere with bacterial protein synthesis. T or F?

A

True

51
Q

Lincosamides are effective against gram-negative cocci. T or F?

A

False (pos)

52
Q

What animal do we not use Lincosamide for?

A

Ruminants

53
Q

Lincosamides and macrolides suffixes are?

A

Mycin

54
Q

Macrolides are -static or -cidal?

A

-static

55
Q

Macrolides interfere with?

A

Inhibit protein synthesis

56
Q

Timicosin can cause tachycardia and sometimes death in humans. T or F?

A

True

57
Q

Metronidazole helps with?

A

Inflammatory bowel disease

58
Q

Neurological side effects of metronidazole?

A

Balance, head tilt, seizures

59
Q

What is a long acting penicillin for large animals?

A

Depocillin

60
Q

What is a short acting penicillin for large animals?

A

Duplocillin

61
Q

What large animal penicillin treats metritis, pneumonia and severe infection?

A

Polyflex

62
Q

Cephalosporins withdrawal period for a lactating cow and dry cow is?

A

96 hrs, 30 days

63
Q

Chlortetracycline is used in?

A

Beef cattle

64
Q

Chlortetracycline can not be used in?

A

Heifers and Lactating cows.

65
Q

Chlortetracycline is an injectable medication. T or F?

A

False

66
Q

What are some antibiotics that are never used in large animals? (3)

A

Chloramphenicol, Lincosamides, Aminoglycosides

67
Q

Skin infections that antifungals treat are? (4)

A

Histoplasmosis, Blastomycosis, Crypto, Coccidiomycosis.

68
Q

Antifungals “-azole” are used for?

A

Deep and superficial infections

69
Q

What are side effects of antifungals? (2)

A

Vomiting, Hepatotoxicity

70
Q

Antifungal side effects are most common from?

A

Ketoconazole

71
Q

What topical drug can treat ringworm? (2)

A

Miconazole+Chlorhexidine, Lime sulfur dip

72
Q

What systemic drugs can treat ringworm? (3)

A

Itraconazole, Terbinafine, Griseofulvin

73
Q

What antifungal do you avoid using in cats to treat ringworm?

A

Griseofulvin

74
Q

What are the side effects of using itraconazole? (2)

A

Sterility in male dogs, Liver toxicity

75
Q

Terbinafine side effects are?

A

GI upset, Skin problems

76
Q

Side effects of amphotericin are? (3)

A

Anorexia, Vomiting, Fever

77
Q

How do you administer amphotericin?

A

IV

78
Q

Antiseptics are?

A

Kill and prevent microorganisms on living tissue.

79
Q

Unenveloped viruses are?

A

Resistant to disinfectants

Pharm 2 (2 decks)

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