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antimicrobials + Flashcards

1
Q

What antibiotics are banned in Quebec for food animals? (2)

A

Fluoroquinolones, Cephalosporins 2nd and 3rd generation.

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2
Q

What do antimicrobials do?

A

Kill and inhibit growth.

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3
Q

What type of organism does antimicrobial effect? (4)

A

Bacteria, Protozoa, Viruses, Fungi

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4
Q

cidal suffix means lower concentration, can inhibit or kill. T or F?

A

false

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5
Q

-static suffix means lower concentration, can inhibit or kill. T or F?

A

true

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6
Q

Minimum inhibitory concentration is the measurement of susceptibility of a bacterial strand. T or F?

A

True

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7
Q

Exposure to low levels of antimicrobials in food can cause 2 effects in human beings, what are they?

A

Allergic reaction, bacteria and intestinal tract.

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8
Q

Antimicrobials exert their effects at 5 sites, what are they?

A

Cell wall, Cell membrane, Ribosomes critical enzymes, metabolites and nucleic acids.

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9
Q

Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Aminoglycosides, Fluoroquinolones, Tetracyclines, Macrolides, Sulfonamides, and lincosamides are classes of?

A

Antimicrobials

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10
Q

Penicillin is -static or -cidal?

A

-cidal

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11
Q

What animals do we not use penicillin for?

A

Horses and Rabbits

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12
Q

What enzyme does penicillins affect?

A

B lactam ring

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13
Q

What are natural penicillins?

A

Penicillin G (Injectable only)

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14
Q

What are broad spectrum aminopenicillins? (3)

A

Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin, Oxacillin

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15
Q

Extended spectrum penicillins are? (3)

A

Carbencillin, Ticrcillin, Piperacillin

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16
Q

Cephalosporins is -static or -cidal?

A

-cidal

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17
Q

Cephalosporins and penicillins interfere with cell wall development. T or F.

A

True

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18
Q

Cephalosporin is excreted by?

A

Urine

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19
Q

Cephalosporin 1st generation is most effective against what gram-positive bacteria?

A

Staphylococcus, Streptococcus

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20
Q

Cephalosporin 2nd and 3rd generation affect gram-positive bacteria. T or F?

A

False (neg)

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21
Q

Cephalosporin prefixes are ceph- and cefa-. T or F?

A

True

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22
Q

What can cephalosporin cause? (3)

A

Vomiting, Diarrhea, Anorexia

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23
Q

Aminoglycosides is -static or -cidal?

A

-cidal

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24
Q

Aminoglycosides prevent protein synthesis?

A

True

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25
When aminoglycosides are administered orally they stay in the?
GI tract
26
Aminoglycosides are found in low concentration. T or F?
False (High)
27
Aminoglycosides suffix is?
Mycins
28
Quinolones and Fluoroquinolones are -static or -cidal?
-cidal
29
Quinolones and Fluoroquinolones affect what?
Coiling DNA
30
Quinolones and Fluoroquinolones suffixes?
Floxacin
31
Quinolones are found in high concentration of? (4)
Liver, kidney, Lungs, and Bone joint fluid
32
High doses of quinolones can cause?
Retinal damage
33
What animal do we not use Quinolones in?
Dairy Cattle
34
Tetracyclines effect?
Protein synthesis
35
When should you not give tetracyclines?
First few weeks of life.
36
At high doses tetracyclines can slow down what?
Bone development.
37
Tetracyclines are given when there is? (2)
Inflammation and Immuno-modulator
38
What can oral administration of tetracyclines cause? (3)
Vomiting, Diarrhea, Anorexia
39
When dry pilling a cat tetracyclines what can happen?
Esophagitis
40
How much water should be administered with oral tetracycline?
2-3 ml
41
Sulfonamides interfere with?
Folic acid in bacteria synthesis.
42
Sulfonamides that are administered orally are for?
Small animals
43
Sulfonamides potentiated are -static or -cidal?
-cidal
44
Sulfonamides alone are -static or -cidal?
-cidal
45
Sulfonamides injectable are for?
Large animals
46
What does sulfonamides treat? (3)
Toxoplasma, Coccidia, Chlamydia
47
Sulfonamides are excreted by? (2)
Liver, Kidney
48
When giving sulfonamides be careful of? (2)
Decrease in tear production and platelets, Skin reactions.
49
Lincosamides are -static or -cidal?
Both -static and -cidal
50
Lincosamides interfere with bacterial protein synthesis. T or F?
True
51
Lincosamides are effective against gram-negative cocci. T or F?
False (pos)
52
What animal do we not use Lincosamide for?
Ruminants
53
Lincosamides and macrolides suffixes are?
Mycin
54
Macrolides are -static or -cidal?
-static
55
Macrolides interfere with?
Inhibit protein synthesis
56
Timicosin can cause tachycardia and sometimes death in humans. T or F?
True
57
Metronidazole helps with?
Inflammatory bowel disease
58
Neurological side effects of metronidazole?
Balance, head tilt, seizures
59
What is a long acting penicillin for large animals?
Depocillin
60
What is a short acting penicillin for large animals?
Duplocillin
61
What large animal penicillin treats metritis, pneumonia and severe infection?
Polyflex
62
Cephalosporins withdrawal period for a lactating cow and dry cow is?
96 hrs, 30 days
63
Chlortetracycline is used in?
Beef cattle
64
Chlortetracycline can not be used in?
Heifers and Lactating cows.
65
Chlortetracycline is an injectable medication. T or F?
False
66
What are some antibiotics that are never used in large animals? (3)
Chloramphenicol, Lincosamides, Aminoglycosides
67
Skin infections that antifungals treat are? (4)
Histoplasmosis, Blastomycosis, Crypto, Coccidiomycosis.
68
Antifungals “-azole” are used for?
Deep and superficial infections
69
What are side effects of antifungals? (2)
Vomiting, Hepatotoxicity
70
Antifungal side effects are most common from?
Ketoconazole
71
What topical drug can treat ringworm? (2)
Miconazole+Chlorhexidine, Lime sulfur dip
72
What systemic drugs can treat ringworm? (3)
Itraconazole, Terbinafine, Griseofulvin
73
What antifungal do you avoid using in cats to treat ringworm?
Griseofulvin
74
What are the side effects of using itraconazole? (2)
Sterility in male dogs, Liver toxicity
75
Terbinafine side effects are?
GI upset, Skin problems
76
Side effects of amphotericin are? (3)
Anorexia, Vomiting, Fever
77
How do you administer amphotericin?
IV
78
Antiseptics are?
Kill and prevent microorganisms on living tissue.
79
Unenveloped viruses are?
Resistant to disinfectants

Pharm 2 (2 decks)

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