Antimicrobials

Question 1

inhibit cell wall synthesis

Answer 1

penicillin
cephalosporin
carbapenem
isoniazid
vancomycin

Question 2

inhibit RNA or DNA synthesis

Answer 2

fluoroquinolones (-floxacin) DNA
Rifampin - RNA

Question 3

inhibit folic acid synthesis

Answer 3

sulfonamides like trimethoprim

Question 4

inhibit protein synthesis

Answer 4

tetracycline
macrolides (erythromycin)
aminoglycosides (streptomycin, gentamycin)

Question 5

Pathogenicity

Answer 5

ability of organism to cause infection

Question 6

Virulence

Answer 6

ability of a microbe to produce disease when present in minute numbers

Question 7

treats c. diff.

Answer 7

cephalosporins

Question 8

cross sensitivity to cephalosporins

Answer 8

penicillin

Question 9

cefazolin

Answer 9

-cephalosporin
-cell wall synthesis inhibition
-cross sensitivity to PCN
-use can lead to c. diff. infection

Question 10

tetracycline

Answer 10

-protein synthesis inhibitor
-drug of choice for Rocky Mntn. Spotted Fever & MRSA
-adverse: discoloration of teeth, photosensitivity, drug resistance, teratogenic

Question 11

erythromycin

Answer 11

-macrolide
-protein synthesis inhibitor
-uses: whooping cough, , URI, chlamydia, Legionnaire’s disease, infections by strep, H. influenzae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae
-used for ppl with PCN allergy

Question 12

ciprofloxacin

Answer 12

-fluoroquinolone
-inhibits DNA synthesis
-report muscle pain (rhabdomyolysis)
-photosensitivity
-teratogenic

Question 13

trimethoprim

Answer 13

-sulfonamide
-inhibit folic acid synthesis
-use: UTIs, otitis media, bronchitis
-educate: intaken3L fluid/day & photosensitivity
-Adverse: crystals in the urine, agranulocytosis, acute hemolytic anemia, and aplastic anemia

Question 14

nitrofurantoin

Answer 14

-urinary antiseptic
-treats UTI
-will cause brown urine

Question 15

vancomycin

Answer 15

-glycopeptide
-use: staph infections, c. diff, MRSA
-NOT to be used for corn allergies
-Ototoxic and nephrotoxic
-administer over 1 hour to prevent Redman syndrome
-Monitor trough levels.

Question 16

isoniazid

Answer 16

-med for latent TB
-risk for neuropathies and hepatotoxicity
-avoid alcohol
-increase consumption of foods high in B6
-avoid foods with tyramine
-increased risk for phenytoin toxicity

Question 17

rifampin

Answer 17

-antitubercular agent
-risk for neuropathies and hepatotoxicity
-avoid alcohol
-Orange/rust discoloration of urine, sweat, saliva and tears
-decreases effectiveness of oral contraceptives

Question 18

nystatin

Answer 18

-superficial fungal drug
-binds to sterols in the fungal cell membrane, allowing leakage of intracellular contents

Question 19

amphotericin B

Answer 19

-systemic antifungal drug
-binds to ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane, allowing leakage of intracellular contents
-Phlebitis common during IV therapy
-Nephrotoxicity, electrolyte imbalances, cardiac arrest, hypotension, dysrhythmias

Question 20

fluconazole

Answer 20

-azole antifungals, topical

Question 21

nursing interventions for antifungals

Answer 21

-Monitor hepatic and renal function
-refrigerate suspensions.
-increased risk of bleeding for clients on anticoagulants
-Griseofulvin decreases effectiveness of birth control

Question 22

chloroquine

Answer 22

-drug for malaria (antimalarial)
-CNS and cardiovascular toxicity at higher doses

Question 23

metronidazole

Answer 23

-antiprotozoals
-unpleasant metallic taste

Question 24

mebendazole

Answer 24

-anthelmintics
-adverse: as worms die, abdominal pain, distension, and diarrhea may be experienced

Question 25

acyclovir

Answer 25

-herpes viral med (antiviral)
-Relieve acute symptoms, prevent recurrences, but DO NOT provide cure

Question 26

HIV therapy: when to start

…and goal

Answer 26

-defer treatment in asymptomatic adults who have CD4 > 350 cells/mcL
-Therapy is initiated when CD4 < 200 cells/mcL or symptoms appear
-GOALS: Reduce HIV’s RNA load in the blood to undetectable level, increase lifespan, higher quality of life, decrease risk of transmission from mother to child