Antimicrobial therapy (part 2) Flashcards
Lyme disease, COPD exacerbations, anthrax, sinitis, Ricketsial infections, chlamydia are all diseases that can be treated with which antibiotics?
Tetracyclines
Tetracycline medication administration education (take with/without food, do not take with which other things?)
take on an empty stomach 1 hr before or 2 hrs after meals, do NOT take with milk, antacids, iron, mg
Can you give tetracycline to kids?
NO, causes permanate damage to teeth and bones
Can you give tetracycline to pregnant people or breast feeders?
NO category D
Are tetracyclines bacterial static or bacterial cidil?
Static
How do tetracyclines work against bacteria?
prohibits protein synthesis by binding to 30s ribosome
Tetracyclines adverse effects
photosensitivity, increased BUN levels
first line for otits media?
Amoxicillin
how do penicillins work against bacteria?
disrupts cell wall growth, activates autolytic enzymes that cause bacterial lysis
Penicillian medication administration education (take with/without food)
take on empty stomach with full glass of water
Are Macrolides bacterial static or bacterial cidil?
both
first line drug for uncomplicated infections?
Macrolides
How do Macrolides work against bacteria?
inhibits protein synthesis
Are Cephalosporins bacterial static or bacterial cidil?
cidial
How doo cephalosporins work against bacteria?
interferes with peptidoglycan in cell wall
Cephalosporins medication administration education (take with/without food)
take with food or milk to prevent GI upset
Are cephalosporins gram + or gram -?
1st and 2nd generation more gram +, 3rd both, 4th gram-
Are Fluoroquinolones bacterial static or bacterial cidil?
Cidial
how do fluoroquinolone work against bacteria?
interferes with enzymes needed for bacteria synthesis
Geriatric risk for taking fluoroquinolone
tendon rupture
Pediatric and pregnancy rules forfluoroquinolone
only give if there is nothing else, lactation: NO
what should you monitor with fluoroquinolone
renal hepatic function, coumadin levels
fluoroquinolone medication administration education (take with/without food, do not take with which other things?)
can take with or without food, do not take with milk, Mg, Ca, Iron
photosensitivity occurs with which drugs?
fluoroquinolone, tetracyclines
Which class type are: Beta-lactams Penicillins Cephalosporins Carbapenems Monobactams Vancomycin Cycloserine
cell wall synthesis inhibitors
Mechanism of action for: Beta-lactams Penicillins Cephalosporins Carbapenems Monobactams
-Bind to specific receptors
membrane
-Inhibit peptidoglycan cross-linking
-Activate autolytic enzymes within the bacteria
Bacterialstatic or cidial? Beta-lactams Penicillins Cephalosporins Carbapenems Monobactams
cidial
mechanism of action for:
Vancomycin
Cycloserine
Inhibits the second step of cell wall synthesis
Bacterialstatic or cidial?
cidial
What class are
Clavulanic acid
Sulbactam
Tazobactam
Beta-lactamase inhibitors
mechanism of action for Beta-lactamase inhibitors? (Clavulanic acid, Sulbactam,
Tazobactam)
Inhibit beta-lactamases and prevent them from destroying the antibiotics
Have little antibacterial activity if given alone
what class are: Aminoglycosides Tetracyclines Chloramphenicol Macrolides
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
which drugs have a mechanism of action that Inhibits protein synthesis by binding irreversibly to the 30S ribosomal subunit
Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines
are Aminoglycosides static or cidial?
cidial
which drug has the mechanism of action that Inhibits the enzyme peptidyl transferase and the formation of peptide bonds by binding the 50S ribosomal subunit?
Chloramphenicol
Is Chloramphenicol static or cidial?
static
which drugs have the mechanism of action: Inhibit protein synthesis by stimulating dissociation of RNA from the ribosome
Macrolides
Are Macrolides static or cidial?
both
which drug has a mechanism of action: Inhibit replication by binding DNA gyrase
Fluoroquinolones
are Fluoroquinolones cidial or static?
cidial
which drug has the mechanism of action:Inhibits transcription by binding DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Rifampin
Is Rifampin cidial or static?
cidial
which drugs are in the Nucleic
Acid Synthesis & Replication Inhibitors class?
Fluoroquinolones,Rifampin
which drugs are Metabolic Inhibitors
Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim
which drug has the mechanism of action: Competitively inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
Trimethoprim
which drug has the mechanism of action:Competitively inhibit PABA (para-amino benzoic acid) and disrupt folate synthesis pathway
Sulfonamides
Sulfonamides are static or cidial?
static
Trimethoprim are static or cidial?
static
