Antimicrobial Therapy 2 Flashcards
What is Narrow Spectrum Coverage?
Broad Spectrum?
- drugs active against only a few microorganisms
- active against a wide variety of microorganisms
What are antifungal, antiviral, antiprotozoal & antihelminthic drugs effective against?
- fungus
- virus
- protozoa
- spores
How is selective toxicity achieved?
- distribution of the bacterial cell wall
- inhibition of an enzyme
- disruption of bacterial protein synthesis
Inhibition of Nucleic Acid Synthesis
Which two drug classes inhibit protein synthesis at the 30S subunit? 50s?
- Aminoglycosides
- Tetracyclines
50S:
- Macrolides
- Choramphenicol
- Clindimycin
- Linezolid
- Streptogramins
What are the two drug classes of DNA synthesis inhibitors?
- Fluoroquinolones
- Metronidazole
What is the RNA synthesis inhibitor?
Rifampin
What is the Mycolic Acid Synthesis inhibitor?
-isoniazid
What are the folic acid synthesis inhibitors
Sulfonamides
Trimethoprim
What is bactericidal? Bacteriostatic?
-drug that is directly lethal to bacteria
-drugs that can slow
microbial growth but do not cause cell death.
*with bacteriostatic drugs, elimination of bacteria must ultimately be accomplished by host defenses
What areas of the body are normally free of flora??
-brain, blood, muscle, and CSF
Normal flora of the oral cavity
- streptococci viridans
- lactobacilli
- staphylococci (aureus and epidermidis)
- Corynebacterium
- Bacteroides
- Streptococcus Mutans
- Actinomyces
Normal Flora of the nose
- staphylococcus epidermidis
- corynebacteria
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Neisseria
- Haemphilus
- Steptococcus pneumoniae
Normal Flora of Nasopharynx
- non-hemolytic streptococci
- alpha-hemolytic streptococci
- Neisseria
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Neisseria meningitidis
normal flora of lower respiratory tract?
-usually sterile
Normal flora of the external ear?
- staphylococcus epidermidis
- staphylococcus aureus
- Corynebacterium
Normal flora of the GI tract
- enterobacteriaceae
- enterococci
- bacteroides
- staphylococci
- lactobacilli
- clostridia
*more bacteria that are gram - and are anaerobic
Normal flora of the GU tract (urethra)
- staphylococcus epidermidis
- enterococcus faecalis
- alpha-hemolytic streptococci
- e. coli
- corynebacteria
- acinetobacter
- mycoplasma
- candida
- mycobacterium smegmatis
Normal Vaginal flora
- corynebacterium
- staphylococci
- nonpyogenic streptococci (group B)
- e. coli
- lactobacillus acidophilus
- flavobacterium
- clostridium
- viridans streptococci
- enterobacteria
Who is most susceptible to developing bacterial endocarditis? Prophylaxis for endocarditis?
- prosthetic heart valves
- congenital heart disease
-30-60mins prior to dental procedures (Amoxicillin) , for PCN allergy give clindamycin azithromycin, clarithromycin
Complications o Abx therapy
- toxicity
- c-diff
- alteration of gut flora
- change in vit k levels (diff managing warfarin)
- Candida overgrowth
