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Infectious Disease > Antimicrobial Therapy 2 > Flashcards

Antimicrobial Therapy 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Narrow Spectrum Coverage?

Broad Spectrum?

A
  • drugs active against only a few microorganisms

- active against a wide variety of microorganisms

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2
Q

What are antifungal, antiviral, antiprotozoal & antihelminthic drugs effective against?

A
  • fungus
  • virus
  • protozoa
  • spores
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3
Q

How is selective toxicity achieved?

A
  • distribution of the bacterial cell wall
  • inhibition of an enzyme
  • disruption of bacterial protein synthesis

Inhibition of Nucleic Acid Synthesis

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4
Q

Which two drug classes inhibit protein synthesis at the 30S subunit? 50s?

A
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Tetracyclines

50S:

  • Macrolides
  • Choramphenicol
  • Clindimycin
  • Linezolid
  • Streptogramins
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5
Q

What are the two drug classes of DNA synthesis inhibitors?

A
  • Fluoroquinolones

- Metronidazole

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6
Q

What is the RNA synthesis inhibitor?

A

Rifampin

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7
Q

What is the Mycolic Acid Synthesis inhibitor?

A

-isoniazid

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8
Q

What are the folic acid synthesis inhibitors

A

Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim

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9
Q

What is bactericidal? Bacteriostatic?

A

-drug that is directly lethal to bacteria

-drugs that can slow
microbial growth but do not cause cell death.
*with bacteriostatic drugs, elimination of bacteria must ultimately be accomplished by host defenses

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10
Q

What areas of the body are normally free of flora??

A

-brain, blood, muscle, and CSF

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11
Q

Normal flora of the oral cavity

A
  • streptococci viridans
  • lactobacilli
  • staphylococci (aureus and epidermidis)
  • Corynebacterium
  • Bacteroides
  • Streptococcus Mutans
  • Actinomyces
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12
Q

Normal Flora of the nose

A
  • staphylococcus epidermidis
  • corynebacteria
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Neisseria
  • Haemphilus
  • Steptococcus pneumoniae
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13
Q

Normal Flora of Nasopharynx

A
  • non-hemolytic streptococci
  • alpha-hemolytic streptococci
  • Neisseria
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Haemophilus influenzae
  • Neisseria meningitidis
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14
Q

normal flora of lower respiratory tract?

A

-usually sterile

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15
Q

Normal flora of the external ear?

A
  • staphylococcus epidermidis
  • staphylococcus aureus
  • Corynebacterium
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16
Q

Normal flora of the GI tract

A
  • enterobacteriaceae
  • enterococci
  • bacteroides
  • staphylococci
  • lactobacilli
  • clostridia

*more bacteria that are gram - and are anaerobic

17
Q

Normal flora of the GU tract (urethra)

A
  • staphylococcus epidermidis
  • enterococcus faecalis
  • alpha-hemolytic streptococci
  • e. coli
  • corynebacteria
  • acinetobacter
  • mycoplasma
  • candida
  • mycobacterium smegmatis
18
Q

Normal Vaginal flora

A
  • corynebacterium
  • staphylococci
  • nonpyogenic streptococci (group B)
  • e. coli
  • lactobacillus acidophilus
  • flavobacterium
  • clostridium
  • viridans streptococci
  • enterobacteria
19
Q

Who is most susceptible to developing bacterial endocarditis? Prophylaxis for endocarditis?

A
  • prosthetic heart valves
  • congenital heart disease

-30-60mins prior to dental procedures (Amoxicillin) , for PCN allergy give clindamycin azithromycin, clarithromycin

20
Q

Complications o Abx therapy

A
  • toxicity
  • c-diff
  • alteration of gut flora
  • change in vit k levels (diff managing warfarin)
  • Candida overgrowth

Infectious Disease (10 decks)

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