Antimicrobial stewardship Flashcards
Define antimicrobial stewardship
An organisational or healthcare-
system-wide approach to promoting and monitoring judicious use of antimicrobials to preserve their future effectiveness
What are the six key areas in Antimicrobial Stewardship?
- Infection Prevention and Control
- Antimicrobials and Antimicrobial Resistance
- The diagnosis of infection and the use of antibiotics
- Antimicrobial Prescribing Practice
- Person centred care
- Inter-professional collaborative practice
Describe the following for MRSA:
- Type of organism
- Common infections
- Antimicrobials that it is typically resistant to
- Treatment options
Type of organism:
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Gram positive
Common infections it causes:
- Endocarditis, bacteraemia, osteomyelitis and skin and soft tissue infections
Antimicrobials that it is typically resistant to:
- Beta lactams
- Cephalosporins
Treatment options:
- Vancomycin
- Teicoplanin
- Clindamycin
Describe the following for C.diff:
- Type of organism
- Common infections
- Antimicrobials that it is typically resistant to
- Treatment options
Type of organism:
- Gram-positive, spore-forming and toxin-producing anaerobic bacterium
Common infections it causes:
- Clostridium difficile diarrhoea, pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon
Antimicrobials that it is typically resistant to:
- Tetracyclines
- Aminoglycosides
- Penicillins
- Cephalosporins
Treatment options:
- Oral vancomycin
- Fidaxomicin
- Fidaxomicin +/- metronidazole
Describe the following for Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs):
- Type of organism
- Common infections
- Antimicrobials that it is typically resistant to
- Treatment options
Describe the following for Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE):
- Type of organism
- Common infections
- Antimicrobials that it is typically resistant to
- Treatment options
Describe the following for Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS):
- Type of organism
- Common infections
- Antimicrobials that it is typically resistant to
- Treatment options
Define a CQUIN?
Commissioning for Quality and Innovation
These criteria require that indicators in the scheme:
* highlight proven, standard operational delivery methods
* support implementation of relatively simple interventions
* form part of wider national delivery goals that already exist, thereby not adding
new cost pressures
* are explicitly supported by wider national implementation programmes
* command stakeholder support.
How can HCAIs develop? Who is at increased risk of them?
HCAIs can develop either as a direct consequence of treatment or from a healthcare environment
Patients, healthcare workers, family members and carers are all at increased risk of acquiring an infection
Which antimicrobials work by:
1) Inhibiting cell wall synthesis
2) Inhibition of pathogen attachment or recognition of host cells
3) Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
4) Inhibition of protein synthesis
5) Disruption of cell membrane
Antibiotic spectrum of coverage
What are the different methods that microbes can gain resistance to antibiotics?
When is antimicrobial awareness week?
November
What is the theme of antimicrobial awareness week?
To improve awareness and understanding of AMR and encourage best practices among the public, One Health stakeholders and policymakers, who all play a critical role in reducing the further emergence and spread of AMR.
What does TARGET stand for?
Treat Antibiotics Responsibly, Guidance, Education, Tools
The model proposes that the following three factors drive human behaviour. These factors can predict whether person intends to do some thing. These are:
- Personal Attitude and outcome beliefs: Whether the person is in favour of doing
something
- Subjective Norm and normative values: How much the person feels social
pressure to do it
- Perceived Behavioural Control and control beliefs: Whether the person feels in
control of the action in question
