Antimicrobial resistance (1/25)

Question 1

What is NDM-1?

Answer 1

New Delhi metallo-betalactamase 1 = transmissible genetic element wtih mutliple antibiotic resistance genes

Spread from New Delhi worldwide

Question 2

What types of antimicrobial resistance are there?

Answer 2

Enzymatic modification i.e. beta-lactamses – common in staph, makes them resistant to all antibiotics

Decreased accumulity of antibiotic: permeability barriers, porin mutations, efflux pumps (more difficult to transfer this efflux pump resistance bc complex machinery)

Alteration of drug target: making the target a different shape so the drug won’t bind as well i.e. enterococcal resistance to vancomycin- D-ala lactate, staph resistance to semisynthetic penicillins like methicillin– new penicillin binding protein that has worse affinity (note that once a bug is resistance to methicillin, it’s resistant to all antibiotics