Antimicrobial prophylaxis Flashcards
Principles of antimicrobial prophylaxis
The 5 Rights:
- Right drug – best efficacy
- Right dose – adequate levels
- Right time – so levels will be maximal
- Right duration – as short as possible
- Right patient – high risk indivduals to prevent complications
Prevention of IE:
Antiomicrobial prophylaxis is given to pts with predisposing factors to IE. What are the predisposing factors? (4)
- Prosthetic valves
- Previous IE
- Cardiac transplant
- Unrepaired cyanotic heart defects
Prophylaxis for hip replacement:
Cefazolin which covers cloxacillin-susceptible staph + streptococci
Rationale for antimicrobial prophylaxis:
Prescribed in a pt: (4)
- At high risk of developing infection as a result of particular exposure or condition
- In situations where infection is common and predictable
- Infection likely to have serious consequences
- Likely to benefit individual / sometimes pop
Surgical site infections:
Factors that lead to SSI:
Patient factors: (3)
- Immune status
- Nutritional status
- Presence of diabetes
Surgical site infections:
Factors that lead to SSI:
Procedure factors: (3)
- Degree of trauma to tissue
- Implantation of foreign body
- Surgical technique
Surgical site infections:
Factors that lead to SSI:
Microbial factors: (2)
- Number and type of orgs present
- Use of peri-operative antibiotics
Prevention of recurrences of ARF:
Who is predisposed to recurrent episodes?
People who have suffered one attack of ARF
What medication to give individuals susceptible to recurrent episodes of ARF? (3)
- Benzathine penicillin
- Penicillin V
- Erythromycin
What to prescribe a patient to prevent rheumatic fever recurrences if they are allergic to penicillin?
Azithromycin
Name the prophylaxis given and when to prevent IE?
———- dental procedures ONLY in individuals who have underlying cardiac conditions.
Amoxicillin, 1 hour before.
Cardiac transplant, prosthetic valves, previously IE
Prophylaxis dosing is never longer than _________
24 hrs
Antibiotic associated diarrhoea is caused by which organism?
C. difficile
When do we give antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent IE?
High risk procedures with high risk of bacteraemia of an org with potential to cause IE
Define the term secondary prophylaxis.
- Preventive treatment/interventions
- Used to reduce the recurrence/progression of a disease or condition in individuals who have already experienced it.
- Initial episode of disease has occurred, and there is a risk of it recurring or worsening.
- Objective: minimize the likelihood of future episodes/complications.
