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Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

What species are benzylpenicillin and penicillin V active on?

A

Streptococci
Neisseria
Spirochetes

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2
Q

What are the main uses of benzylpenicillin and penicillin V?

A 
Soft tissue
Pneumococcal
Meningococcal
Gonorrhoea
Syphilis
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3
Q

What is the activity of amoxicillin?

A

Broad spectrum but resistance common

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4
Q

What are the main uses of amoxicillin?

A

UTI

RTI

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5
Q

What is the activity of flucloxacillin?

A

Staphylococci

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6
Q

What is the main use of flucloxacillin?

A

Staph aureus infection

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7
Q

What is the activity of co-amoxiclav?

A

Broad spectrum including anaerobes

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8
Q

What are the main uses of co-amoxiclav?

A

UTI
RTI
Soft tissue infections
Surgical wound infections

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9
Q

What is the activity of piperacillin and tazobactam?

A

Broad spectrum including pseudomonas and anaerobes

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10
Q

What are the main uses of piperacillin and tazobactam?

A

Neutropenic sepsis

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11
Q

What are the main penicillins?

A 
Benzylpenicillin
Penicillin V
Amoxicillin
Flucloxacillin
Co-amoxiclav
Piperacillin
Tazobactam
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12
Q

What are the main cephalosporins?

A 
Cefradine
Cefuroxime
Ceftriaxone
Cefotaxime
Ceftazidime
Ceftaroline
Ceftobipirole
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13
Q

What is the activity of cefradine?

A

Broad spectrum

Resistance common

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14
Q

What are the main uses of cefradine?

A

UTI

Soft tissue infection

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15
Q

What is the activity of cefuroxime?

A

Broad spectrum

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16
Q

What are the main uses of cefuroxime?

A

UTI
RTI
Surgical prophylaxis

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17
Q

What is the activity of ceftriaxone and cefotaxime?

A

Broad spectrum (especially good against gram negative bacilli)

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18
Q

What are the main uses of ceftriaxone and cefotaxime?

A

Hospital infections (bacteraemia, pneumonia, abdominal sepsis)

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19
Q

What is the activity of ceftazidime?

A

Broad spectrum but also against pseudomonas

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20
Q

What are the main uses of ceftazidime?

A

Pseudomonal infections in hospital

Cystic fibrosis

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21
Q

What is the activity of ceftaroline/ceftobipirole?

A

Broad spectrum
Less gram negative cover
Anti MRS

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22
Q

What are the main uses of ceftaroline/ceftobipirole?

A

Skin and soft tissue infection

Endocarditis

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23
Q

What infections are ceftriaxone/cefotaxime a risk factor for?

A

MRSA
C diff
VRE

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24
Q

What infections are ceftazidime a risk factor for?

A

MRSA
C diff
VRE

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25
Q

What infections are ceftaroline/ceftobipirole a risk factor for?

A

C diff VRE

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26
Q

What are the common aminoglycosides?

A

Gentamicin

Amikacin

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27
Q

What is the activity of gentamicin and amikacin?

A

Gram negative bacilli

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28
Q

What are the main uses of gentamicin and amikacin?

A

Serious gram negative infections (bacteraemia, endocarditis, neutropenic sepsis)

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29
Q

What are the risk factors of gentamicin and amikacin?

A

Renal and ototoxicity (Can lose hearing and vestibular function)

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30
Q

What are the common macrolides?

A

Clarithromycin
Eryhtromycin
Azithromycin

31
Q

What is the activity of clarithromycin?

A 
Streptococci
Staphylococci
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia
Legionella
32
Q

What are the main uses of clarithromycin?

A

Respiratory infection
Soft tissue infection if penicillin allergy
STD

33
Q

What is the activity of erythromycin?

A 
Streptococci
Staphylococci
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia
Legionella
34
Q

What are the main uses of erythromycin?

A

Respiratory infection
Soft tissue infection if penicillin allergy
STD

35
Q

Which is better tolerated; clarithromycin or erythromycin?

A

Clarithromycin

Erythromycin can cause GI intolerance

36
Q

What is the activity of azithromycin?

A

Gram negative species such as haemophilus or chlamydia

37
Q

What are the main uses of azithromycin?

A

Chlamydial

38
Q

What are the common quinolones?

A

Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
Moxifloxacin

39
Q

What is the activity of ciprofloxacin?

A

Gram negative bacilli including pseudomonas

40
Q

What are the main uses of ciprofloxacin?

A

Complicated UTI
Complicated hospital acquired pneumonia
Some GI infections

41
Q

What are the side effects of ciprofloxacin?

A

Can cause C. diff infection, AAA rupture and tendonitis

42
Q

What is the activity of levofloxacin/moxifloxacin?

A

Increased activity on staphylococci and streptococci

43
Q

What are the main uses of levofloxacin/moxifloxacin?

A

2nd or 3rd line treatment for pneumonia

44
Q

What are the side effects of levofloxacin/moxifloxacin?

A

Association with C. diff

Can affect growing cartilage

45
Q

What are the common glycopeptides?

A

Vancomycin

Teicoplanin

46
Q

What is the activity of vancomycin and teicoplanin?

A

Gram positive only

Staphylococci/streptococci

47
Q

What are the main uses of vancomycin and teicoplanin?

A

MRSA
Patients allergic to penicillin
C. diff (oral vanc.)

48
Q

How do you treat a C.diff infection?

A

Oral vancomycin

49
Q

What are the potential complications of vancomycin and teicoplanin?

A

Nephrotoxicity

50
Q

What is the activity of trimethoprim?

A

Gram negative bacilli

Some activity against staphylococci and streptococi

51
Q

What are the main uses of trimethoprim?

A

UTI
Respiratory infection
MRSA

52
Q

What is the activity of co-trimoxazole?

A

Broad spectrum

53
Q

What are the main uses of co-trimoxazole?

A

Respiratory infection

Pneumocystis pneumonia

54
Q

What are the side effects of co-trimoxazole?

55
Q

What is the activity of clindamycin?

A

Streptococci
Staphylococci
Anaerobes

56
Q

What are the main uses of clindamycin?

A

Soft tissue infection

Gangrene

57
Q

What are the side effects of clindamycin?

A

Association with C. diff

58
Q

What is the activity of doxycycline and tetracycline?

A 
Streptococci
Staphylococci
Chlamydia
Rickettsia
Brucella
59
Q

What are the main uses of doxycycline and tetracycline?

A 
Q fever
Brucellosis
Chlamydia
Atypical pneumonia
MRSA
60
Q

When are tetracycline and doxycycline contraindicated?

A

Pregnancy and childhood

61
Q

What is the activity of rifampicin?

A

Mycobacteria
Meningococci
Staphylococci

62
Q

What are the main uses of rifampicin?

A

Tuberculosis
MRSA
Meningococcal prophylaxis
Complicated staphylococcal infections

63
Q

What is the activity of meropenem?

A

Broad spectrum including anaerobes and pseudomonas

64
Q

What are the main uses of meropenem?

A

2nd or 3rd line for hospital infections

65
Q

What is the activity of metronidazole?

A

Anaerobes and protozoa

66
Q

What are the main uses of metronidazole?

A

Surgical infections
Giardiasis
Amoebiasis
Trichomonal infections

67
Q

What is the activity of linezolid?

A

Gram positive bacteria only

68
Q

What are the main uses of linezolid?

A

2nd line agent for MSSA, MRSA and VRE

69
Q

What are the side effects of linezolid?

A

Blood and optic neuropathy

70
Q

What is the activity of daptomycin?

A

Gram positive bacteria only

71
Q

What are the main uses of daptomycin?

A

2nd line agent for MSSA, MRA and VRE

72
Q

What are the side effects of daptomycin?

73
Q

What is the activity of tigecycline?

A

Very broad spectrum

74
Q

What are the main uses of tigecycline?

A

Intra-abdominal sepsis

Soft tissue infection

Infection (13 decks)

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