Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology II > Antihypertensives - diuretics and vasodilators (exam 3) > Flashcards

Antihypertensives - diuretics and vasodilators (exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

thiazide diuretics

A

chlorthalidone
HCTZ (esidrix)
metolazone (zaroxolyn)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

loop diuretics

A

bumetanide
furosemide (lasix)
torsemide (demadex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

K sparing diuretics

A

amiloride (midamor)
triamterene (dyrenium)
eplerenone (Inspra)
spironolactone (aldactone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

loop diuretic MOA

A

act on thick ascending limb
inhibits NA/K/2CL carrier in the luminal membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

thiazide diuretics MOA

A

bind to the Cl site of the Na/Cl co transport system in the distal convoluted tubule
loss of Na and Cl in urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

K sparing diuretics MOA (amiloride and triamterene)

A

excretion of sodium and water while preventing the loss of potassium in the urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

direct vasodilators examples

A

hydralazine (apresoline)
minoxidil (loniten)
nitroprusside (nitropress)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

direct vasodilators MOA

A

reduce peripheral resistance directly by relaxing smooth muscle cell layer in arterial vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

dihydropyridines have more effect on __________ and less effect on _____________

A

vasodilation

heart function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

non-dihydropyridines have more effect on ____________ and less effect on ________________

A

heart function

vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ADRs of thiazide diuretics

A

hyponatremia
hypercalcemia
hypokalemia
metabolic alkalosis (inc pH)
hyperglycemia
hyperuricemia
hyperlipidemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

____________ in 1.5-2x more potent at lowering blood pressure compared to ____________ and may be preferred

A

chlorthalidone

HCTZ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

K sparing diuretics MOA (eplerenone and spironolactone)

A

antagonist at aldosterone receptor which reduces Na/K exchange in distal convoluted tubule
leads to increased Na excretion and K reabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hydralazine MOA

A

directly relaxes arteriolar smooth muscle by reduction in intracellular calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

direct vasodilators ADRs

A

strong reflex tachycardia
increased fluid retention
peripheral edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Minoxidil MOA

A

opens K channels causing hyper polarization and arterial relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Minoxidil increases

A

blood flow to skin, skeletal muscle, GI tract and the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Minoxidil is used to promote

A

hair growth by increasing nutrient flow to hair follicles

19
Q

Nitroprusside MOA

A

prodrug that reacts with sulfhydrl groups on RBCs to produce nitric oxide –> vasodilation

20
Q

Nitroprusside is given as an IV infusion when

A

rapid BP reduction is required (hypertensive crisis, acute decompensated HF)

21
Q

Nitroprusside includes a risk of

A

cyanide toxicity

22
Q

antidotes for cyanide toxicity from nitroprusside

A

hydroxocobalamin, sodium nitrate or sodium thiosulfate

23
Q

symptoms of cyanide toxicity

A

metabolic acidosis
dyspnea
bradycardia
confusion
flushing

24
Q

reflex tachycardia occurs due to

A

baroreceptors

25
Q

baroreceptors

A

specialized neurons found in the heart and arteries
detects changes in BP
activate when BP is high

26
Q

vasodilators decreased blood pressure, leading to

A

less activation of baroreceptors
less suppression of the SNS
increased release of NE/E at the heart leading to tachycardia

27
Q

drugs that cause vasodilation can cause ____________

why?

A

peripheral edema (swelling of lower legs and feet due to fluid accumulation)

drugs that vasodilator the arterial system and NOT the venous system do this

28
Q

vasodilation of the arterial system without concurrent venous vasodilation leads to _______________ which leads to ___________________

A

increased capillary pressure

fluid extravasation and edema

29
Q

drugs that cause peripheral edema include

A

CCBs and direct vasodilators

30
Q

how can peripheral edema be lessened?

A

add on a ACEI or ARB since they cause venous vasodilation

31
Q

CCB DHPs

A

block L-type calcium channels on arterial smooth muscle
causes vasodilation

32
Q

CCB non-DHPs

A

verapamil - Ca channels on cardiac tissue (dec HR and contractility)
diltiazem - arterial smooth muscle and cardiac tissue

33
Q

ADRs of DHPs

A

reflex tachycardia
peripheral edema
dizziness
flushing

34
Q

rare ADR of DHPs and non-DHPs

A

gingival hyperplasia

35
Q

ADRs of verapamil

A

bradycardia
atrioventricular block
constipation

36
Q

ADRs of diltiazem

A

similar to DHPs and verapamil but milder

37
Q

are calcium channel blockers first line agents for HTN?

A

only DHPs

not non-DHPs due to side effects

38
Q

Non-DHPs should be avoided in combination with

A

beta blockers due to additive bradycardia

39
Q

CCBs absorption/distribution

A

hepatic first pass metabolism by CYP3A4

40
Q

3A4 inhibitory potential of CCBs

A

verapamil and diltiazem (moderate inhibitors) > amlodipine > other DHPs

41
Q

amlodipine has a _________ half life and diltiazem and verapamil have a ___________ half life

A

long

shorter

42
Q

about 20% of patients will require

A

more than 3 medications

43
Q

majority of patients will require ________________ to reach BP goals

A

more than 1 medication

Pharmacology II (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions