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Spring Pharm Exam 1 > Antihypertensives > Flashcards

Antihypertensives Flashcards

1
Q

Goal Blood Pressure

A

140/90 in patients 60 yo

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2
Q

Initial monotherapy

A

3 classes, all equal in effectiveness:
Long acting CCBs
ACEIs or ARBs
thiazide diuretics

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3
Q

Initial monotherapy based on age and race

A

younger patients respond mostly to ACEIs and ARBs

Black and elderly patients respond best to thiazide diuretics or long acting CCB

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4
Q

Combination therapy

A

indicated if not at goal BP w/ monotherapy

ACE-I plus long-acting CCB

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5
Q

ACE Inhibitor Drugs

A

Lisinopril
Captopril
Enlapril

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6
Q

ACE-I MOA

A

inhibits enzyme that converts ANG I to ANG II, thus blocking ANG II action that causes vasoconstriction and ALDO secretion. decreases bradykinin inactivation

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7
Q

ACE-I Side effects

A

Dry cough
Contraindicated in pregnancy.
hyperkalemia
severe hypotension if hypovolemic

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8
Q

Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARBs) Drugs

A

Losartan

Valsartan

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9
Q

ARBs MOA

A

selectively inhibits ANG II at the AT1 receptors

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10
Q

ARBs Side effects

A

Contraindicated in pregnancy.

no angioedema or cough (bradykinin mediated)

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11
Q

Diuretics for HTN

A

1st line: Thiazides. chlorthalidone is preffered over HTZ

Loop diuretics are reserved for pts w/ low kidney fx

K sparing sometimes

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12
Q

anti-HTN MOA

Diuretics

A

increased Na excretion, reducing circulating BV

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13
Q

Diuretic Side effects

A

hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia

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14
Q

CCBs for HTN

A

the “dipines”

verapamil
diltiazem

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15
Q

Anti-HTN MOA

CCBs

A

inhibition of Ca2+ influx in arterial smooth muscle = relaxation of vasculature and decrease in PVR

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16
Q

CCBs Side effects

A

headache, dizziness, flushing

17
Q

Direct vasodilator Drugs

A

Hydralazine
Minoxidil

third line, add-on agents. usually used with a beta blocker

18
Q

Direct vasodilators MOA

A

Hydralazine - dilates arterioles

Minoxidil - dilates arteriols, reserved for accelerated malignant HTN

19
Q

Beta blockers for HTN MOA

A

negative inotropic activityfrom B1 in heart as well as reduced renin production via B1 kidney

Spring Pharm Exam 1 (6 decks)

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