Antihypertensive Meds

Question 1

Alpha-2 Agonist Med:

Answer 1

Clonidine- decreases SNS stimulation -> decr epi, norepi, renin release
Central acting
AE: dizzy, h/a, fatigue, REBOUND HYPERTENSION

Question 2

Alpha-1 Blocker Meds:

Answer 2

Doxazosin, Tamsulosin (-OSIN)
Dilation of arteries & veins, decreases PVR
AE: ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION, dizzy, palpitations, flushing, rash, ED, edema, h/a, fatigue
TAMSULOSIN can also be used for BPH, can cause rhinitis

Question 3

Beta Blocker meds:

Answer 3

Metoprolol, Atenolol, Propranolol (-LOL)
Decr HR, decr contractility, reduce renin secretion, vasodilation
AE: dizzy, fatigue, bronchospasm, wheezing
HOLD IF HR < 50

Question 4

Which beta blockers are cardioselective? Which beta do they block?

Answer 4

Metoprolol, atenolol

Block Beta 1 only

Question 5

Dual Acting Beta Blocker Meds:

Answer 5

Labetalol, Carvedilol
Block beta 1, beta 2, alpha 1
Dual antihypertensive
MASKS s/s of HYPO/HYPERGLYCEMIA
AE: dizzy, fatigue, bradycardia, ED, bronchospasm, wheezing, ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION, HF

Question 6

Which drugs are first line for HTN?

Answer 6

ACE inhibitors, CCBs, diuretics

Question 7

ACE inhibitor meds:

Answer 7

Enalapril, Captopril, Lisinopril, Ramipril (-PRIL)
Blocks ACE -> prevents aldosterone secretion, reduces afterload/ preload
AE: DRY COUGH, HYPERKALEMIA
AVOID if prego, AVOID NSAIDS (can cause ARF)
Cardioprotective effects
Enalapril can be given PO or IV
Captopril & lisinopril = not prodrug

Question 8

ARB meds:

Answer 8

Losartan, Valsartan, Candesartan (-SARTAN)
Prevents aldosterone secretion, reduces preload/afterload, dec PVR
AE: not as severe as ACE inhibitors. Includes chest pain, HYPOglycemia, hyperkalemia

Question 9

CCB meds:

Answer 9

Verapamil, Diltiazem, Nifedepine, Amlodipine, Nimodipine (some end in -DIPINE)
Prevent artery spasms after cerebral hemorrhage (nimodipine)
Can treat dyrhythmia, Raynauds, migraine headache
AE: dizzy, HPN, flushing, fatigue, edema

Question 10

Vasodilator Meds:

Answer 10

Hydralizine, Minoxidil, Nitroprusside
Directly relax arterolar or venous smooth muscle
Contraindicated in HF pts
MINOXIDIL causes excessive hair growth