Antihypertensive Flashcards

1
Q

Acetazolamide uses

A

are for hypertension and mountain sickness and glaucoma

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2
Q

What are the effects of acetazolamide and where

A

hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (only diuretic that causes this everything else causes an alkalosis); proximal tubule

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3
Q

what are the loop diuretics

A

furosemide, torsemide, bumitenide and ethacrynic acid

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4
Q

What are the loop diuretics used for

A

hypertension, pulmonary edema(when patient feels congested in their lungs), and used for hypercalcemia

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5
Q

what are the effects of loop diuretics?

A

help with hypercalcemia but cause hypercalciuria (calcium stone)…avoid in someone who has calcium stones; also hypochloremic metabolic acidosis; otoxicity

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6
Q

what do loop diuretics inhibit?

A

Na/K/2Cl co transport; thick ascending loop of henle

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7
Q

what can be inhibited at the distal tubule?

A

Na/Cl cotransport

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8
Q

what are the drugs that complete the inhibition at the distal tubule

A

hydrochlorothiazide, Metolazone, Indapamide

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9
Q

what are the uses for the distal tubule diuretics and who can use this drug compared to the loop diuretics?

A

hypertension, hyperuricalceria, Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

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10
Q

what are the side effects for the distal tubule diuretics?

A

hyper GLUC: increase glycemia, hyperlipidemia, uricemia, and calcemia; also causes metabolic acidosis

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11
Q

where does aldosterone act

A

on the collecting ducts

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12
Q

what are some aldosterone blockers

A

Spironolactone

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13
Q

how does spironolactone work

A

it prevents the formation of the mediator proteins that stimulate the Na/K pump

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14
Q

which ones do not require aldosterone to work

A

Triamterene and amiloride

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15
Q

what are the uses for spironolactone

A

hypertension, primary hyperaldosteronism, heart faiure and end stage liver disease

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16
Q

what are the effects of uses of aldactone

A

hyperkalemia, gynecomastia(estrogen, progesterone)

17
Q

what are some of the beta 1 receptor antagonists

A

atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, esmolol, metroprolol, and nebivolol

18
Q

non-selective, beta 1 and beta 2 blockers

A

nadolol, propranolol, sotalol, timolol

19
Q

non-selective beta blockers that block alphas as well

A

carvedilol and labetalol

20
Q

sympathomimetics block

A

beta 1 receptors and have an antagonist and agonist effect

acebutolol, penbutolol, and pindolol

21
Q

effects of nondyhydropyridine group is to

A

decrease contractility and they are calcium channel blockers