Antihypertensive Flashcards
Acetazolamide uses
are for hypertension and mountain sickness and glaucoma
What are the effects of acetazolamide and where
hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (only diuretic that causes this everything else causes an alkalosis); proximal tubule
what are the loop diuretics
furosemide, torsemide, bumitenide and ethacrynic acid
What are the loop diuretics used for
hypertension, pulmonary edema(when patient feels congested in their lungs), and used for hypercalcemia
what are the effects of loop diuretics?
help with hypercalcemia but cause hypercalciuria (calcium stone)…avoid in someone who has calcium stones; also hypochloremic metabolic acidosis; otoxicity
what do loop diuretics inhibit?
Na/K/2Cl co transport; thick ascending loop of henle
what can be inhibited at the distal tubule?
Na/Cl cotransport
what are the drugs that complete the inhibition at the distal tubule
hydrochlorothiazide, Metolazone, Indapamide
what are the uses for the distal tubule diuretics and who can use this drug compared to the loop diuretics?
hypertension, hyperuricalceria, Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
what are the side effects for the distal tubule diuretics?
hyper GLUC: increase glycemia, hyperlipidemia, uricemia, and calcemia; also causes metabolic acidosis
where does aldosterone act
on the collecting ducts
what are some aldosterone blockers
Spironolactone
how does spironolactone work
it prevents the formation of the mediator proteins that stimulate the Na/K pump
which ones do not require aldosterone to work
Triamterene and amiloride
what are the uses for spironolactone
hypertension, primary hyperaldosteronism, heart faiure and end stage liver disease
what are the effects of uses of aldactone
hyperkalemia, gynecomastia(estrogen, progesterone)
what are some of the beta 1 receptor antagonists
atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, esmolol, metroprolol, and nebivolol
non-selective, beta 1 and beta 2 blockers
nadolol, propranolol, sotalol, timolol
non-selective beta blockers that block alphas as well
carvedilol and labetalol
sympathomimetics block
beta 1 receptors and have an antagonist and agonist effect
acebutolol, penbutolol, and pindolol
effects of nondyhydropyridine group is to
decrease contractility and they are calcium channel blockers
