Antihypertensive Flashcards
can beta-blockers be abruptly stopped?
no
what do diuretics end in?
-zone, -ide, -thiazide
what are alpha and beta blockades used for?
- HTN
- HF
- cardiomyopathy
what is the place of action of ace inhibitors?
kidneys
what do ace inhibitors end in?
(-pril)
what is the place of action for direct renin inhibitors?
kidneys
do ace inhibitors work well on the black population?
no (would need a higher dose or a different drug)?
what is the action of ARBs?
works by blocking the action of angiotensin II
what is the use for ARBs?
- HTN
- HF
- nephropathy
what is the adverse effect associated with vasodilators?
SLE (lupus like symptoms such joint pain and rashes)
can ace inhibitors be used during pregnancy?
no - black box warning
what do alpha1 adrenergic blockers typically treat?
BPH and lowers BP simultaneously
what two medication categories have the rare but serious side effect of angioedema?
- ace inhibitors
- ARBs
is 90/60 an acceptable BP for a pt taking mixed alpha and beta blockades?
yes - if the pt can tolerate a lower BP is ok
what are the adverse effects associated with direct renin inhibitors?
- dizziness
- headache
- diarrhea
what is the action of beta-adrenergic blockers?
block beta1 receptors in the heart
are alpha1 adrenergic blockers are 1st line treatment for BP?
no
what are central acting SNS inhibitors used for?
- HTN
- severe pain
- ADHD
what medication category cause SLE?
vasodilaters
what education is related to calcium channel blockers?
do not take with grapefruit juice
what is the teaching needed for direct renin inhibitors?
don’t take with a high fat meal because of enzyme competition
what is the action of alpha1 adrenergic blockers?
- interferes with sympathetic stimulation by blocking alpha1, directly relaxes arteriolar smooth muscle in the prostate and bladderneck
do beta-blockers work well in the black population?
no
what are the adverse effects of calcium channel blockers?
- bradycardia
- peripheral edema related to HF
what is the name of the nonselective beta-blockers? what receptors do they work on? what is it used more for?
propanolol
- beta 1 and 2
- tachycardia
what is the place of action for ARBs?
kidneys
can ARBs inhibitors be used during pregnancy?
no
what medication would be good for someone with kidney disease and hypertension?
- ace inhibitors
- ARBs
direct renin inhibitors are typically …
combined with another drug
are central acting SNS inhibitors ok for pregnancy?
no
what is the action of central acting SNS inhibitors?
stimulates alpha 2 receptors into the CNS which leads to decreased of NE release (NE typically vasoconstricts but it is inhibited with helps decreases BP)
what are direct renin inhibitors used for?
HTN
what does ARBs stand for?
angiotensin II receptor blockers
why do beta-blockers potentially cause bronchoconstriction?
nonselective beta-blockers work on beta 1 and beta 2, beta 2 is on the lungs which can cause bronchoconstriction so be careful with pts with lung disease
what are the side effects associated with central acting SNS inhibitors?
- dry mouth
- rebound HTN
- vivid dreams
- behavior changes
what medication can cause thrombocytopenia?
alpha and beta-blockades
what is the benefit of diuretics treating HTN?
cheap and effective
what is the name of the drug that is a direct renin inhibitor?
tekturna
what are the adverse effects associated with alpha1 adrenergic blockers?
- orthostatic hypotension
- dizziness
- abnormal ejaculation
- nasal congestion
what is the ending for alpha1 adrenergic blockers?
-osin
what diuretic is typically the 1st line of treatment for HTN?
thiazide diuretics
what is the action of mixed alpha and beta blockades?
- decrease peripheral resistance
- reduces plasma renin and aldosterone levels
To lower BP, you should always start with …
diet, exercise, stress management
what is the place of the action for alpha and beta-blockades?
heart and kidneys
what are the adverse effects of alpha and beta-blockades?
- fatigue
- hypotension
- dizziness
- thrombocytopenia
what are calcium channel blockers used for?
- HTN
- angina
- cardiac dysrhythmias
are calcium channel blockers used as 1st line treatment for HTN?
yes
what is the action of ace inhibitors?
blocks angiotensin 1 from converting angiotensin 2
do ARBs work well on the black population?
no
what is the ending for beta-blockers?
-olol
vasodilators are typically used as …
adjunct therapy
labetalol is an alpha and beta-blockade, what is it used for? what route?
used on uncontrolled BP
- often used only in the hospital
- given through IV multiple times a day due to short half life
what are diuretics used to treat?
- HTN
- HF
- edema
what two medication categories can treat nephropathy?
- ace inhibitors
- ARBs
you should be aware of what with beta-blockers?
blood sugar
what are the adverse effects associated with beta-blockers?
- bradycardia
- HF
- bronchoconstriction
- fatigue
- dizziness
what are the adverse effects of diuretics?
- frequent urination
- loss of electrolytes (K+, NA+, and Cl+)
what is the name of the cardioselective beta-blockers? what receptors do they work on?
metoprolol and atenolol
- block only beta 1
what is the action of calcium channel blockers?
inhibits calcium movement into contractile myocardial cells
- slows conduction through AV & SA nodes which decreases HR
- dilate peripheral arteries
- decrease peripheral resistance
what are ace inhibitors used for?
- HTN
- HF
- MI
- nephropathy
what medication can grapefruit juice not be taken with?
calcium channel blockers
are calcium channel blockers good for the black population?
yes
what are beta-blockers used for?
- HTN
- tachycardia
- angina
- post Mi
what do vasodilators treat?
- angina
- HTN
what is the action of diuretics?
reduce blood volume and arterial resistance
coreg is an alpha and beta-blockade, what is it used for?
HF
what is the action of vasodilators?
relax arteriolar smooth muscle leading to arteriolar dilation and a decrease peripheral resistance
what are the adverse effects associated with ARBs?
- angioedema
- dizziness
- muscle cramps
- heart burn
are direct renin inhibitors safe for pregnancy?
no
what is the action of direct renin inhibitors?
inhibits the conversation of angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1
what are the adverse effects of ace inhibitors?
- angioedema
- cough
- increased potassium
- first dose hypotension
what are the types of beta-blockers?
- nonselective
- cardioslecetive
what ending do ARBS end in?
-sartan
