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Antihypertensive Flashcards

1
Q

can beta-blockers be abruptly stopped?

A

no

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2
Q

what do diuretics end in?

A

-zone, -ide, -thiazide

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3
Q

what are alpha and beta blockades used for?

A
  • HTN
  • HF
  • cardiomyopathy
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4
Q

what is the place of action of ace inhibitors?

A

kidneys

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5
Q

what do ace inhibitors end in?

A

(-pril)

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6
Q

what is the place of action for direct renin inhibitors?

A

kidneys

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7
Q

do ace inhibitors work well on the black population?

A

no (would need a higher dose or a different drug)?

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8
Q

what is the action of ARBs?

A

works by blocking the action of angiotensin II

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9
Q

what is the use for ARBs?

A
  • HTN
  • HF
  • nephropathy
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10
Q

what is the adverse effect associated with vasodilators?

A

SLE (lupus like symptoms such joint pain and rashes)

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11
Q

can ace inhibitors be used during pregnancy?

A

no - black box warning

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12
Q

what do alpha1 adrenergic blockers typically treat?

A

BPH and lowers BP simultaneously

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13
Q

what two medication categories have the rare but serious side effect of angioedema?

A
  • ace inhibitors

- ARBs

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14
Q

is 90/60 an acceptable BP for a pt taking mixed alpha and beta blockades?

A

yes - if the pt can tolerate a lower BP is ok

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15
Q

what are the adverse effects associated with direct renin inhibitors?

A
  • dizziness
  • headache
  • diarrhea
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16
Q

what is the action of beta-adrenergic blockers?

A

block beta1 receptors in the heart

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17
Q

are alpha1 adrenergic blockers are 1st line treatment for BP?

A

no

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18
Q

what are central acting SNS inhibitors used for?

A
  • HTN
  • severe pain
  • ADHD
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19
Q

what medication category cause SLE?

A

vasodilaters

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20
Q

what education is related to calcium channel blockers?

A

do not take with grapefruit juice

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21
Q

what is the teaching needed for direct renin inhibitors?

A

don’t take with a high fat meal because of enzyme competition

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22
Q

what is the action of alpha1 adrenergic blockers?

A
  • interferes with sympathetic stimulation by blocking alpha1, directly relaxes arteriolar smooth muscle in the prostate and bladderneck
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23
Q

do beta-blockers work well in the black population?

A

no

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24
Q

what are the adverse effects of calcium channel blockers?

A
  • bradycardia

- peripheral edema related to HF

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25
what is the name of the nonselective beta-blockers? what receptors do they work on? what is it used more for?
propanolol - beta 1 and 2 - tachycardia
26
what is the place of action for ARBs?
kidneys
27
can ARBs inhibitors be used during pregnancy?
no
28
what medication would be good for someone with kidney disease and hypertension?
- ace inhibitors | - ARBs
29
direct renin inhibitors are typically ...
combined with another drug
30
are central acting SNS inhibitors ok for pregnancy?
no
31
what is the action of central acting SNS inhibitors?
stimulates alpha 2 receptors into the CNS which leads to decreased of NE release (NE typically vasoconstricts but it is inhibited with helps decreases BP)
32
what are direct renin inhibitors used for?
HTN
33
what does ARBs stand for?
angiotensin II receptor blockers
34
why do beta-blockers potentially cause bronchoconstriction?
nonselective beta-blockers work on beta 1 and beta 2, beta 2 is on the lungs which can cause bronchoconstriction so be careful with pts with lung disease
35
what are the side effects associated with central acting SNS inhibitors?
- dry mouth - rebound HTN - vivid dreams - behavior changes
36
what medication can cause thrombocytopenia?
alpha and beta-blockades
37
what is the benefit of diuretics treating HTN?
cheap and effective
38
what is the name of the drug that is a direct renin inhibitor?
tekturna
39
what are the adverse effects associated with alpha1 adrenergic blockers?
- orthostatic hypotension - dizziness - abnormal ejaculation - nasal congestion
40
what is the ending for alpha1 adrenergic blockers?
-osin
41
what diuretic is typically the 1st line of treatment for HTN?
thiazide diuretics
42
what is the action of mixed alpha and beta blockades?
- decrease peripheral resistance | - reduces plasma renin and aldosterone levels
43
To lower BP, you should always start with ...
diet, exercise, stress management
44
what is the place of the action for alpha and beta-blockades?
heart and kidneys
45
what are the adverse effects of alpha and beta-blockades?
- fatigue - hypotension - dizziness - thrombocytopenia
46
what are calcium channel blockers used for?
- HTN - angina - cardiac dysrhythmias
47
are calcium channel blockers used as 1st line treatment for HTN?
yes
48
what is the action of ace inhibitors?
blocks angiotensin 1 from converting angiotensin 2
49
do ARBs work well on the black population?
no
50
what is the ending for beta-blockers?
-olol
51
vasodilators are typically used as ...
adjunct therapy
52
labetalol is an alpha and beta-blockade, what is it used for? what route?
used on uncontrolled BP - often used only in the hospital - given through IV multiple times a day due to short half life
53
what are diuretics used to treat?
- HTN - HF - edema
54
what two medication categories can treat nephropathy?
- ace inhibitors | - ARBs
55
you should be aware of what with beta-blockers?
blood sugar
56
what are the adverse effects associated with beta-blockers?
- bradycardia - HF - bronchoconstriction - fatigue - dizziness
57
what are the adverse effects of diuretics?
- frequent urination | - loss of electrolytes (K+, NA+, and Cl+)
58
what is the name of the cardioselective beta-blockers? what receptors do they work on?
metoprolol and atenolol | - block only beta 1
59
what is the action of calcium channel blockers?
inhibits calcium movement into contractile myocardial cells - slows conduction through AV & SA nodes which decreases HR - dilate peripheral arteries - decrease peripheral resistance
60
what are ace inhibitors used for?
- HTN - HF - MI - nephropathy
61
what medication can grapefruit juice not be taken with?
calcium channel blockers
62
are calcium channel blockers good for the black population?
yes
63
what are beta-blockers used for?
- HTN - tachycardia - angina - post Mi
64
what do vasodilators treat?
- angina | - HTN
65
what is the action of diuretics?
reduce blood volume and arterial resistance
66
coreg is an alpha and beta-blockade, what is it used for?
HF
67
what is the action of vasodilators?
relax arteriolar smooth muscle leading to arteriolar dilation and a decrease peripheral resistance
68
what are the adverse effects associated with ARBs?
- angioedema - dizziness - muscle cramps - heart burn
69
are direct renin inhibitors safe for pregnancy?
no
70
what is the action of direct renin inhibitors?
inhibits the conversation of angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1
71
what are the adverse effects of ace inhibitors?
- angioedema - cough - increased potassium - first dose hypotension
72
what are the types of beta-blockers?
- nonselective | - cardioslecetive
73
what ending do ARBS end in?
-sartan

Pharm Exam 1 (4 decks)

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