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Dispensing Exam 3 > Antihistamines, antiinfectives, and misc. drugs > Flashcards

Antihistamines, antiinfectives, and misc. drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Benadryl generic and details

A

diphenhydramine
ethanolamine
first generation

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2
Q

Antihistamines definition

A

o H-1 receptor antagonists → reduce the effects of histamine; do not prevent histamine release

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3
Q

Antihistamine generations

A
  • First generation: bind to central and peripheral H-1 receptors
  • Second generation: more selective for peripheral H-1 receptors; cause less sedation
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4
Q

pyrilamine class?

A

ethylenediamine

1st gen

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5
Q

ethylenediamine generic?

A

pyrilamine

1st gen

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6
Q

alkylamine generics?

A

brompheniramine
chlorpheniramine
1st gen

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7
Q

Phenergan generic and details?

A

promethazine
phenothiazine
1st gen

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8
Q

Vistaril generic?

A

hydroxyzine HCl
hydroxyzine pamoate
1st gen

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9
Q

hydroxyzine Trade and class?

A

Vistaril
piperazine
1st gen

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10
Q

cyproheptadine class?

A

piperidine

1st generation antihistamine

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11
Q

2nd generation piperazine generics?

A

cetirizine and levocetirizine
piperazine
2nd generation

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12
Q

cetirizine Trade and details?

A 
Zyrtec
piperazine 2nd gen
•	qday
•	Indicated for allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria
•	5 mg and 10 mg tablet 
•	5 mg and 10 mg chewable tablet
•	5 mg/5 mL syrup
•	Racemic
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13
Q

levocetirizine Trade and details?

A 
Xyzal piperazine 2nd generation
•	qday
•	Indicated for allergic rhinitis and CIU
•	Tablet
•	Oral solution
•	R isomer of cetirizine
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14
Q

2nd gen piperidine generics?

A

fexofenadine, loratadine, desloratadine

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15
Q

fexofenadine Trade?

A

Allegra
piperidine
2nd gen

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16
Q

loratadine Trade?

A

Claritin
piperidine
2nd gen

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17
Q

desloratadine Trade?

A

Clarinex, Clarinex RediTabs
piperidine 2nd gen
• qday
• Indicated for allergic rhinitis and CIU
• 5 mg tablet
• 2.5 mg/5 mL syrup
Also: Clarinex RediTabs: 2.5 mg and 5 mg ODT

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18
Q

2nd gen phthalazinones generics and Trades??

A

azelastine

Astelin, Astepro

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19
Q

azelastine class?

A

2nd gen phthalazinone

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20
Q

Zyrtec long lasting details?

A

Zyrtec D 12 hour - cetirizine pseudoephedrine
• BID
• Indicated for allergic rhinitis
• 5 mg/120 mg tablet

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21
Q

Allegra forms?

A 
Allegra allergy 12 hour
Allegra allergy 24 hour
Childrens's Allegra Allergy
Allegra D allergy 12 hour
Allegra D 24 hour
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22
Q

Allegra 12 hour details

A

fexofenadine
• BID
• Indicated for allergic rhinitis
• 60 mg tablet

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23
Q

Allegra 24 hour details?

A

fexofenadine
• qday
• Indicated for allergic rhinitis
• 180 mg tablet

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24
Q

Children’s Allegra details?

A 
fexofenadine
•	BID
•	Indicated for allergic rhinitis
•	30 mg tablet and ODT
•	30 mg/5 mL oral suspension
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25
Q

Allegra D details?

A 
fexofenadine, pseudoephedrine
•	Nasal decongestant
•	Indicated for allergic rhinitis
12 hour: •	60 mg/120 mg ER tablet BID
24 hour: •	180 mg/240 mg ER tablet qDay
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26
Q

azelastine Trades and details?

A 
Astelin:•	BID
•	0.1% nasal spray
•	Indicated for allergic rhinitis
Astepro:•	BID
•	0.15% nasal spray
•	Indicated for allergic rhinitis
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27
Q

Tussionex generic and details?

A

hydrocodone polistirex, chlorpheniramine polistirex
• BID
• Indicated for relief of cough and allergy
• 10 mg/5 mL and 8 mg/5 mL oral suspension

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28
Q

pseudomembranous colitis DOC and bacteria

A

metronidazole

clostridium difficile

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29
Q

Natural penicillins?

A

penicillin G - parenteral

penicillin V - oral and parenteral

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30
Q

Aminopenicillins generics and details?

A

ampicillin - parenteral and oral (ES)

amoxicillin- oral (w/o regard to meals)

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31
Q

Penicillinase resistant generics?

A

dicloxacillin (oral)

nafcillin, oxacillin (parenteral)

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32
Q

penicillin G aqueous Trade?

A

Pfizerpen, penicillin G potassium

IM or IV

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33
Q

Pfizerpen generic?

A

penicillin G aqueous

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34
Q

penicillin G procaine details?

A
  • Suspensions
  • Administered IM
  • Contain analgesics to decrease burning and increase DOA of penicillin G
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35
Q

penacillin G benzathine Trade and details?

A

Bicillin LA
• Suspensions
• Administered IM
• Contain analgesics to decrease burning and increase DOA of penicillin G

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36
Q

Bicillin CR generics?

A

penicillin G procaine, penicillin G benzathine

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37
Q

Augmentin details?

A

amoxicillin, potassium clavulanate
• Aminopenicillin and beta-lactamase inhibitor
o Beta-lactamases are a group of enzymes produced by certain bacteria that inactivate beta-lactam antibiotics like penicillins and cephalosporins
• Indicated for bacterial infections - Potassium clavulanate broadens the spectrum of activity
• Powder for oral suspension must be refrigerated

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38
Q

amoxicillin, potassium clavulanate Trade and dosing?

A

Augmentin - tablets
• 250, 500 mg, 875 mg amoxicillin + 125 mg potassium clavulanate
Augmentin XR - ER tablets
• 1000 mg amoxicillin + 62.5 mg potassium clavulanate

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39
Q

Tetracyclines generics and counseling?

A

minocycline, doxycycline
• Active against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms
• Do not take with di- or trivalent cations because TCNs will chelate, may cause phototoxic reactions, and finish all medication

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40
Q

minocycline Trade?

A

Minocin

Tetracycline

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41
Q

doxycycline Trades?

A

Vibramycin, Doryx

can prevent traveler’s diarrhea

42
Q

rifaximin Trade?

A

Xifaxan
non tetracycline
FDA approved for traveler diarrhea

43
Q

Xifaxan generic?

A

rifaximin
not tetracyclie
FDA approved for travelers diahhrea

44
Q

Macrolide generics?

A

erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin

45
Q

clarithromycin Trade?

A

Biaxin, Biaxin XL

46
Q

Prevpac generics and details?

A

clarithromycin, lansoprazole, amoxicillin
• Indicated for treatment of Helicobacter pylori → ulcers
• clarithromycin: 500 mg tablet
• lansoprazole (Prevacid): 30 mg capsule
• amoxicillin: 500 mg capsule x 2 = 1 g daily
• Dose/duration: (500 mg + 30 mg + 1 g) BID x 14 days

47
Q

clarithromycin combo product?

A

Prevpac

clarithromycin, lansoprazole, amoxicillin

48
Q

azithromycin Trades?

A

Zithromax, Z-Max, AzaSite

49
Q

Zithromax details?

A 
azithromycin
•	250 mg tablet x 5 days: Z-Pak
•	500 mg tablet x 3 days: Tri-Pak
•	100 mg and 200 mg/5 mL oral suspension
•	1 gram single dose packet: indicated for chlamydia; mix with 60 mL of water → consume within 12 hours on empty stomach
50
Q

Z-Max details?

A

azithromycin
• 2 g ER capsules
• Take on an empty stomach

51
Q

AzaSite details?

A
  • 1% ophthalmic solution
  • Indicated for bacterial conjunctivitis
  • Needs to be refrigerated in the pharmacy
52
Q

cephalosporins generation details?

A

• Higher the generation = increased gram-negative activity and increased efficacy against resistant organisms

53
Q

First gen cephalosporins:

A

cefadroxil

Keflex cephalexin

54
Q

Second gen cephalosporins

A

cefaclor
Cefzil cefprozil
Ceftin cefuroxime

55
Q

Third gen cephalosporins:

A

cefdinir
cefpodoxime
Spectracef cefditoren
Suprax cefixime

56
Q

cefdinir details?

A
  • Powder for oral suspension; do not refrigerate
  • Capsule
  • May cause red stool due to interaction with dietary iron (3rd gen)
57
Q

Nitrofurantoin Trades?

A

Macrodantin
Macrobid
for UTI

58
Q

Macrodantin generic and details?

A 
nitrofurantoin macrocrystals
•	QID
•	qday: for long term suppressive therapy; take at bedtime
•	50 and 100 mg capsules
•	Take with food
59
Q

Macrobid generic and details?

A

nitrofurantoin macrocrystals + nitrofurantoin monohydrate
• BID
• 100 mg capsule
• 75 mg monohydrate + 25 mg macrocrystals
• Monohydrate reduces GI upset

60
Q

Fluroquinolones class details?

A

-floxacin
• Active against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms
• BBW: increased risk of tendon rupture
• Should be cautiously prescribed to patients with a seizure disorder

61
Q

oral fluroquinolones generics?

A 
ciprofloxacin
norfloxacin
ofloxacin
levofloxacin
moxifloxacin
gemifloxacin
62
Q

ciprofloxacin Trades and details?

A

Cipro - Tablet
Cipro XR - ER tablets
Cipro Oral Suspension - Microcapsules for oral suspension: do not use water to reconstitute -for patients +18 years old

63
Q

norfloxacin Trade? oral

64
Q

levofloxacin Trade? oral

65
Q

moxifloxacin Trade? oral

66
Q

gemifloxacin Trade? oral

67
Q

ophthalmic fluorquinolone trades?

A 
gatifloxacin
ofloxacin
ciprofloxacin
besifloxacin
moxifloxacin
all indicated for bacterial conjuntivitis
68
Q

gatifloxacin Trade and details?

A

Zymaxid
• Every 2 hours x 2 days, then QID on days 3-7
• Indicated for bacterial conjunctivitis

69
Q

ofloxacin Trade?

70
Q

ciprofloxacin Trade? ophth

71
Q

besifloxacin Trade?

72
Q

moxifloxacin Trade and details?

A

Vigamox - TID

Moxeza - BID

73
Q

otic fluroquinolones?

A

ofloxacin
Cipro HC Otic ciprofloxacin, hydrocortisone
Ciprodex ciprofloxacin, dexamethasone

74
Q

Ciprodex details?

A

ciprofloxacin, dexamethasone
BID otic suspension
indicated for otic bacterial infections and inflammation

75
Q

TobraDex generic and details?

A 
tobramycin, dexamethasone
•	QID
•	TC: ophthalmic antibiotic
•	Ophthalmic suspension
•	Ophthalmic ointment
•	Indicated for ophthalmic bacterial infections and inflammation
76
Q

tobramycin, dexamethasone Trade?

A

TobraDex

ophthalmic

77
Q

Bactroban generic and details?

A 
mupirocin
•	TID
•	2% ointment, 2% cream
•	Indicated for impetigo – bacterial skin infection with vesicles and yellowish crusts
•	TC: topical antibiotic
78
Q

mupirocin Trade?

A

Bactroban, Bactroban Nasal Ointment

79
Q

Bactroban Nanal Ointment generic and details?

A 
mupirocin
•	BID x 5 days
•	2% ointment
•	Indicated for eradication of MRSA
•	Half of one tube applied into one nostril → remaining is applied in the other nostril
80
Q

retapamulin Trade and details?

A

Altabax
• BID
• 1% ointment
• Indicated for impetigo

81
Q

Altabax generic?

A

retapamulin
• BID
• 1% ointment
• Indicated for impetigo

82
Q

Benzamycin generic and details?

A 
benzoyl peroxide, erythromycin
•	BID
•	Gel Indicated for acne
•	Prior to dispensing: add 3 mL of ethyl alcohol to the erythromycin powder → mix with gel
•	Refrigerate
•	TC: Topical antiacne agent
83
Q

benzoyl peroxide, erythromycin Trade?

A

Benzamycin

gel BID

84
Q

BenzaClin generic and details?

A 
benzyol peroxide, clindamycin
•	BID
•	Gel
•	Indicated for acne
•	Prior to dispensing: add 5 mL of SW to the clindamycin powder → mix with gel
•	Store at room temperature
•	TC: Topical antiacne agent
85
Q

benzyol peroxide, clindamycin Trade?

A

BenzaClin

BID gel

86
Q

MetroGel Vaginal generic and details?

A

metronidazole
• Vaginal gel
• Indicated for vaginal bacterial infections
• TC: Vaginal antibiotic

87
Q

metronidazole gel Trade?

A

MetroGel Vaginal

88
Q

Triazole antifungal generics?

A

fluconazole
itraconazole
voriconazole
posaconazole

89
Q

fluconazole Trade and details?

A

Diflucan Triazole
• Tablet
• Powder for oral suspension: can be stored at RT for 14 days
• Indicated for localized fungal infections: oral, esophageal, and vaginal candidiasis

90
Q

itraconazole Trade and details?

A

Sporanox Triazole

ind: systemic fungal infections

91
Q

voriconazole Trade and details?

A

Vfend Triazole
• Tablet and Powder for oral suspension
• Indicated for systemic fungal infections
• Take on empty stomach

92
Q

posaconazole Trade and details?

A

Noxafil Triazole
• Ready to use oral suspension
• Indicated for systemic fungal infections
• Take with food

93
Q

Lamisil generic and details?

A

terbinafine
• NOT a triazole antifungal
• Tablet and Cream
• Indicated for onchomycosis, tinea pedis, tinea cruris, and tinea corporis

94
Q

terbinafine Trade?

95
Q

Imidazole antifungals

A

ketoconazole, miconazole

96
Q

ketoconazole Trades and details?

A

imidazole
Nizoral: • 2% cream: indicated for tinea pedia, tinea cruris, and tinea corporis
• 200 mg tablet: indicated for systemic fungal infections
Nizoral AD: • 2% shampoo
• Indicated for treatment of dandruff

97
Q

Antivirals generics?

A 
acyclovir
penciclovir
valacyclovir
famciclovir
oseltamivir
98
Q

acyclovir Trades and details?

A

Zovirax - tablet, capsule, ready to use oral susp (stable at RT)
Ind: herpes zoster, varicella zoster, herpes labialis, genital herpes
Zovirax Cream - herpes labialis
Zovirax Ointment - herpes genitalis

99
Q

penciclovir Trade and details?

A

Denavir Cream - herpes labialis

100
Q

valacyclovir Trade and details?

A

Valtrex
• 500 mg and 1 g tablet
• Indicated for herpes zoster, varicella zoster, herpes labialis, and genital herpes
• Herpes zoster: 1 g TID x 7 days
• Varicella zoster: TID x 5 days
• Herpes labialis: 2 g BID x 1 day
• Initial genital herpes: 1 g TID x 7 days
• Recurrent genital herpes: 500 mg BID x 3 days

101
Q

famciclovir Trade and details?

A

Famvir
• 125, 250, and 500 mg tablet
• Indicated for herpes zoster, recurrent genital herpes, and herpes labialis
• Herpes zoster: 500 mg TID x 7 days
• Recurrent genital herpes treatment: 1 g BID x 1 day
• Recurrent genital herpes suppressive therapy: 250 mg BID x ~1 year
• Herpes labialis: 1500 mg single dose

102
Q

oseltamivir Trade and details?

A 
Tamiflu
•	BID
•	30, 45, 75 mg capsule
•	6 mg/mL powder for oral suspension: refrigerate and use10 days after reconstituted
•	+12 years old: 75 mg capsule
•	> 12 years old: based on weight
•	Take with food

Dispensing Exam 3 (4 decks)

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