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Pharm II test 3 > Antihistamines > Flashcards

Antihistamines Flashcards

1
Q

When a patient presents with rhinitis, what do you need to figure out before prescribing treatment? Why?

A

whether its allergic rhinitis or a cold
Allergy - just need antihistamine
Cold - need anticholinergic effects

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2
Q

Sedating effect of antihistamine depend on the _______ and ________.

A

Lipophilicity - cross BBB

Anticholinergic properties

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3
Q

What are the general cautions for anticholinergic drugs?

A 
pupil dilation (acute angle-closure glaucoma)
urinary retention (BPH)
dry mouth
tachycardia
constipation
sedation
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4
Q

Hydroxyzine is sedating or non-sedating?

A

Sedating - anticholinergic

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5
Q

5 indications for hydroxyzine

A 
Anxiety
post-op sedation
antipuritic 
antiemetic
alcohol withdrawal symptoms
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6
Q

Which antihistamine is indicated for alcohol withdrawal syndrome?

A

hydroxyzine

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7
Q

which antihistamine is indicated for emergency pruritis?

A

hydroxyzine

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8
Q

which antihistamine is indicated for anxiety?

A

hydroxyzine

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9
Q

Which antihistamine is not well tolerated by the elderly?

A

hydroxyzine

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10
Q

Why shouldn’t a patient with a cold be prescribed hydroxyzine while on vacation and drinking daily?

A

Alcohol + hydroxyzine = increase CNS toxicity

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11
Q

What is the brand name for diphenhydramine?

A

Benadryl

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12
Q

Which antihistamine is indicated for mild-night time sedation?

A

Diphenhydramine

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13
Q

Which antihistamine is indicated for prevention of motion sickness?

A

Diphenhydramine

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14
Q

Which antihistamine is indicated for coughing?

A

Diphenhydramine

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15
Q

Which antihistamine is indicated for treatment of acute phenothiazine-induced dystonic reactions?

A

Diphenhydramine

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16
Q

What patient population should not be prescribed diphenhydramine?

A

children

17
Q

Doxylamine is another sedating antihistamine. What is one of its brand names?

A

Nyquil

18
Q

Promethazine is another sedating antihistamine. What is its brand name and indication?

A

Phenergan - nausea/antiemetic

19
Q

Citirizine is a sedating or non sedating agent? Why?

A

Non-sedating, BUT, its the most sedating agent of its group

Its a metabolite of hydroxyzine.

20
Q

If a patient is allergic to hydroxyzine, what other antihistamine should you not give them?

A

cetirizine

21
Q

What is the brand name for Cetirizine?

A

Zyrtec

22
Q

Loratadine is sedating/nonsedating and is available coformulated with what other drug?

A

nonsedating

pseudoephedrine

23
Q

What is the brand name for Loratadine?

A

Claritin

24
Q

What does the D stand for in Claritin-D?

A

Decongestant - psuedoephedrine

25
Q

What is the active metabolite of loratadine?

A

Desloratadine - Clarinex

26
Q

Fexofenadine is a sedating/nonsedating antihistamine. Its an active metabolite of ____________ (Seldane) that had what fatal side effect?

A

Nonsedating.

Terfenadine - QT interval prolongation > Torsades

27
Q

Pseudoephedrine is what sort of drug? What does this mean for rhinitis patients?

A

alpha-1 agonist

it is a decongestant - vasoconstricts capillaries in nose, decreasing inflammation

28
Q

Patient has a cough that you suspect is from post-nasal drip. What is the treatment?

A

Pseudoephedrine

29
Q

patient has table-grade orthostatic hypotension. what is the treatment?

A

pseudoephedrine

30
Q

why is ephedrine no longer available?

A

it caused hemorrhagic stroke

31
Q

If patient is severely congested and you prescribe sudafed, how long is that patient able to use the nasal products?

A

3-5 days.

32
Q

Why is sudafed behind the counter?

A

Its an ingredient in meth.

33
Q

What are the ingredients to meth?

A

pseudoephedrine, ammonia, HCL, red phosphorus (flares)

Pharm II test 3 (8 decks)

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