Antigens And Phagocytosis

Question 1

What are antigens

Answer 1

A protein with a specific shape that triggers an immune response from a lymphocyte, chemical markers on the surface of cells

Question 2

What antigens does your body recognise

Answer 2

Self antigens

Question 3

What are non self antigens and what happens when its in ur body

Answer 3

Different antigens that are recognised as foreign and will be attacked in an immune response

Question 4

What 4 things to antigens allow the immune system to identify

Answer 4

Pathogens
Cells from other organisms of the same species, like transplanted organs
Abnormal body cells
Toxins

Question 5

What are phagocytes

Answer 5

White blood cells made in the bone marrow

Question 6

How do phagocytes travel

Answer 6

They travel in capillaries but have adapted to change shape and squeeze through walls into tissues

Question 7

What are the two types of phagocytes

Answer 7

Neutrophils
Macrophages

Question 8

What do neutrophills do

Answer 8

Engulf and digest pathogens and dead human cells/debris

Question 9

What do macrophages do

Answer 9

Can become antigen presenting cells to stimulate the specific immune response

Question 10

What is phagocytosis

Answer 10

Cellular proscess of engulfing solid particles using the cell membrane and carried out by phagocytes

Question 11

What are the steps of phagocytosis
- chemotaxis
-attaches
-engulfed
-lysosomes
-release
-exocytosis

Answer 11

-pathogen produces chemicals which attracts a phagocyte, known as chemotaxis
-pathogen is recognised as having non self antigens and attaches to the phagocyte by cell surface receptors
-pathogen is engulfed by phagocyte by endocytosis forming a phagosome
-lysosomes fuse to phagosome to form a phagolysosome and release h2o2,Hcl and digestive enzymes into phagosome to digest pathogen
- harmless products are removed by exocytosis or used by phagocyte