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Imune System > Antigen Presenting > Flashcards

Antigen Presenting Flashcards

1
Q

Proteins present on the surface of cells.

A

MHC molecules (Major Histocompatibility Complex )

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2
Q

Cells that process and display antigen to T-lymphocytes

A

APC (Antigen Presenting Cells)

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3
Q

T-cells that haven’t come in contact with antigen

A

‎ساذجة - Naïve T-Lymphocytes •

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4
Q

• Additional signals required for T-cells activatio

A

Co-stimulation and Co-stimulatory signals

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5
Q

Clonal expansion

A

Proliferation (increase in number) of a particular clone of lymphocyte (antigen specific lymphocyte)

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6
Q

Proteins released by several types of cells that act on other cells (adjacent –
paracrine, or distant-endocrine) Also called the cell messengers

A

Cytokines

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7
Q

Single lymphocyte that has…….. specificity and its own…….. cells.

A

antigenic

progeny

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8
Q

Organs where lymphocytes mature (primary) or accumulate (secondary)

A

Lymphoid organs

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9
Q

continuous movement of mature lymphocytes from – blood - peripheral lymphoid organs – lymph - blood

A

• Lymphocyte recirculation

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10
Q

continuous movement of mature lymphocytes from –………. - peripheral…………..–………. -………..

A

blood

lymphoid organs

lymph

blood

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11
Q

Clonal proliferation culminates in formation of effector cells / memory cells.

A

Lymphocyte differentiation

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12
Q

the lymphocytes acquire the ability to respond to the antigens (produce immune response)

A

Maturation

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13
Q

Maturation of the lymphocytes happens in the…………… like…….. gland and…………

A

1- central lymphoid organs.

2- thymus.

3- bone marrow .

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14
Q

so the precursors of lymphocytes differentiate into ………. And…….

A

b lymphocytes precursors and T lymphocytes precursors.

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15
Q

When maturation is done the cell then is called………………cell

A

immunocompetent

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16
Q

Once they mature, they inter the……………………., and they keep on circulating the body but they are yet to encounter the antigen therefore they are known as…………….

A

1- peripheral organs circulation

2- naive lymphocytes

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17
Q

When these naive lymphocytes encounter antigens they become activated and differentiated and proliferate and turn into effector cells. Proliferation of lymphocytes after antigen encounter is Known as
differentiation.

A

Differentiation

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18
Q

differentiation : When these naive lymphocytes…,…… antigens they become………… and………….. and proliferate and turn into….,….. cells. Proliferation of lymphocytes

A

encounter

activated

differentiated

effector

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19
Q

Lymphocytes which produce an immune response – antibody producing plasma cells from B-Lymphocytes and Cytotoxic Lymphocytes(CTL) and T-helper cells (TH cells) from T-lymphocytes.

A

Effector cells

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20
Q

Effector cells:
Lymphocytes which produce an immune response – antibody producing ………..from B-Lymphocytes and…………. and……….from T-lymphocytes

A

plasma cells

Cytotoxic Lymphocytes(CTL)

T-helper cells (TH cells

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21
Q

We have distinct lymphocyte clones each for a specific antigen . Since we have thousands of antigens we will also have for each of them ……………….clones.

A

specific distinct lymphocyte clones.

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22
Q

Some lymphocytes differentiates into long lived cells and are responsible for secondary immune response.

A

Memory cells

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23
Q

Total collection of lymphocyte specificities.

A

Lymphocyte repertoire

24
Q

• Characteristics of adaptive IS

A
  1. Specificity (one lock for one key),
  2. Diversity (several locks for different keys),
  3. Clonal Expansion,
  4. Non-reactivity to Self (no locks for self keys).
25
Q

lymphocyte will only……… it’s sought antigen.

A

recognize

26
Q

Lymphocytes recognize antigens by………………..

A

antigen receptors on their surfaces

27
Q

is where the antigen can bind to the lymphocyte.

A

Antigen receptor

28
Q

peptide antigen bound to and displayed by MHC on APCs- by their T-
Cellً Receptor (TCR).

A

T-lymphocytes recognize

29
Q

Unlike B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes cannot……… the antigen………

A

recognize

directly

30
Q

the antigen must be………… to the T lymphocytes so they can recognize it

A

presented

31
Q

The antigen is presented by the help of………………….. The antigen must be presented on the surface of APC and be bound to………. There are exceptions.

A

APC (antigen presenting cell)

MHC

32
Q

These membrane bound antibodies are the receptors on B cells.
Recognize antigens by “membrane bound antibodies” on their surface.

A

B-lymphocytes

33
Q

These membrane bound antibodies are the receptors on B cells.
Recognize antigens by “………..”on their surface.

A

membrane bound antibodies”

34
Q

Recognize a variety of antigen such as

A

(proteins, polysaccharides, fats and nucleic acids).

35
Q

Why does the immune system require specialized system of antigen presentation for effective immune responses?

A

a Antigenmayenterthroughanybodysite
b.Antigenspecificlymphocytehastocomeincontactwithits homologous antigen (1 in 1 million)—–should locate & react ASAP.

c. Different types of antigen may require different responses (antigens in the cytosol and nucleus vs. antigens in the vesicle).
d. SometimesISneedstoreacttothesamemicrobeindifferentways depending on its stage of infection.

36
Q

Immune system has developed………….. system for capture and display of antigen.

A

highly specialized

37
Q

Antigen is presented in the cytosol.

A

1-Cytosolic antigen .

38
Q

Antigen is presented in the membrane bound the cycle.

A

2- vesicular antigen:

39
Q

Molecules THAT play a critical role in antigen presentation to T-lymphocytes

A

MHC

40
Q

Molecules THAT play a critical role in antigen presentation to T-lymphocytes

A

MHC molecules present on cell surface.
 Antigen is bound with MHC molecule on cell surface.
 Antigen- MHC complex displayed on surface of APC.
 T-Lymphocytes recognize antigen only when it is displayed on surface of APC with MHC.
 Each individual’s MHC is unique.
 T-Lymphocytes recognize antigen only with MHC of same individual – MHC
restriction.
 T-Lymphocytes recognize antigen by TCR.

41
Q

 T-Lymphocytes recognize antigen only when it is……………. on surface of APC with MHC

A

displayed

42
Q

T-Lymphocytes recognize antigen by………………

A

TCR

43
Q

B cell’s antigen binding receptor binds with the antigen…………
It produces antibody.

A

directly

44
Q

1- T helper cell

Co-stimulator molecule:……..

A

CD4

45
Q

T cytotoxic cell

 Co-stimulator molecule:……..

A

CD8

46
Q

Three steps of antigen presentation:

A

1- Capture

2- Process

3- Present

47
Q

Function of Dendritic cells:

A

1- Capture antigen
2- Get activated
3- Migrate to L.N ( lymph node)
4- Present antigen to Lymphocytes

48
Q

1-Capture
Binding of antigen to the dendritic cells in………… The dendritic cell will ingest the antigen through………………(macrophages will do it through phagocytosis also dendritic cell can make it through……………….).

A

lectin receptor mediated

receptor mediated endocytosis

phagocytosis

49
Q

When the dendritic cells will get activate. What will happen to……………………. MHC.

A

Increase the production

50
Q 
The antigen has to be migrated to
the …………through the
…………………
 The dendritic cells will express
…………..(Chemokine receptor), it will
express that after antigen……..
* It will attracted to move towards
the lymph node.
A

lymph node

chemokine receptor.

CCR7

capture

51
Q

Mature dendritic cell presenting antigen ( to ) …………

A

Naive T cell

52
Q

In the blood the dendritic cells present in the spleen are responsible for…..
And why ?

A

antigen capturing presentation because spleen is the site where blood are filtered.

53
Q

In the mucosal membrane in the skin, the antigen captured is by…………. cells located in the……….

A

dendritic

skin

54
Q

HLA ادينا التفاصيل

A

(Human Leukocyte Antigens) is a synonym of MHC molecules.

55
Q

Membrane proteins on APCs that display peptide antigen for

recognition by T- lymphocytes.

A

MHC molecules

56
Q

2 types of MHC molecules –

A

Class I & II.

57
Q

Both ofthe types of MHC made up of…………… chain but they are……….. different.

A

2 polypeptid

structurally

Imune System (2 decks)

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