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Immunoserology > Antigen > Flashcards

Antigen Flashcards

1
Q

Any molecular structure that when introduced is capable of Antibody reaction

A

Antigen

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2
Q

The capacity of the immune system to react to foreign or non-self objects is due to?

A

Major Histocompatibility Complex

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3
Q

Responsible for the molecular weight of the antigen

A

Carrier Portion

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4
Q

Important determinant as to whether an antigen can elicit or induce immune response

A

Carrier Portion

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5
Q

Responsible for the specificity of the antigen

A

Epitope

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6
Q

Interacts the with Fab portion of the antibody

A

Epitope

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7
Q

Other term for the part of antigen that is responsible for specificity of antigen

A

Determinant

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8
Q

Portion of the antibody where antigen binds

A

Antigen Binding Fragment (Fab)

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9
Q

What are the two (2) properties of antigen?

A
  1. Immunogenicity
  2. Antigenicity/Specificity
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10
Q

What are the three (3) factors that affect the immunogenicity of the antigen?

A
  1. Foreignness
  2. Size
  3. Chemical Complexity
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11
Q

Dictates the level of immune response

A

Foreignness

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12
Q

What are the four (4) antigen types in terms of foreignness?

A
  1. Autoantigen
  2. Alloantigen
  3. Heteroantigen
  4. Heterophile Antigen
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13
Q

Antigen that comes from the host species; does not induce immune response

A

Autoantigen

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14
Q

Disorder when the immune system attacks normal antigen in the body

A

Autoimmune disorder

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15
Q

Antigen that comes from the other member of the host species; may induce immune response

A

Alloantigen

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16
Q

Antigen type that causes transfusion associated reactions

A

Alloantigen

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17
Q

Antigen derived from other species (i.e. animals, plants, microorganism); capable of eliciting immune response

A

Heteroantigen

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18
Q

Type of antigen that is present in the microbial cell surface during infection

A

Heteroantigen

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19
Q

Type of antigen that is derived from unrelated species but are identical or closely related in structure

A

Heterophile Antigen

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20
Q

This type of antigen causes cross reaction with the antibodies that are produced by the immune response

A

Heterophile Antigen

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21
Q

Rich source of antigens

A

Graft

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22
Q

Other term for Graft

A

Tissue Transplant

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23
Q

Why is tissue typing important prior to transplantation?

A

Because graft or tissue transplant is a rich source or antigens. When a tissue is transplanted, it is capable of eliciting immune response; and the more antigen present, the greater the immune response.

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24
Q

How is graft differentiated?

A

Based on the source if tissue

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25
Q

What are the four (4) types of Graft?

A
  1. Autograft
  2. Isograft/Syngraft
  3. Allograft
  4. Heterograft/Xenograft
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26
Q

Graft type that comes from the host itself/ patient’s own body

A

Autograft

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27
Q

Graft type that is derived from identical individuals

A

Isograft/Syngraft

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28
Q

Graft type that is derived from non-identical individuals

A

Allograft

29
Q

This is the most common tissue transplantation done in the hospitals

A

Allograft

30
Q

Most common tissue/organ transplanted

A

Kidney

31
Q

Most common liquid tissue/body fluid transfused

A

Blood

32
Q

Type of graft that is derived from other species (i.e. plants, animals)

A

Heterograft/Xenograft

33
Q

The factor of antigen immunogenicity dictates the number of epitopes present in the antigen

A

Size

34
Q

Unit size of the antigen

A

Daltons

35
Q

Antigen that has less than 10,000T molecular mass

A

Haptens

36
Q

Molecular weight of immunogenic antigen

A

> 10,000 Da

37
Q

Molecular weight of non-immunogenic antigen

A

< 10,000 Da

38
Q

What is the molecular mass of Albumin?

A

30,000 to 60,000

39
Q

Good antigen, stable antigen

A

Albumin

40
Q

Excellent antigen; highly complex antigen

A

Hemocyanin

41
Q

Molecular mass of hemocyanin

A

100,000 to millions Da

42
Q

How can a hapten be immunogenic?

A

Hapten must have a carrier in order for it to become immunogenic

43
Q

The best and strongest antigen

A

Protein

44
Q

Why is protein the best and strongest antigen? (3 answers)

A

Because the peptide bonds that bind amino acids are covalently bonded which makes them highly stable.

Does not easily dissociate in plasma

Has longer circulation life

45
Q

Overall chemical structure

A

Chemical Complexity

46
Q

Why are nucleic acids, lipids, and amino acids least immunogenic?

A

They easily dissociate in the circulation

47
Q

The ability to react specifically with the antibody or cell
that caused it to be produced

A

Antigenicity/Specificity

48
Q

Why are antigens used in the laboratory as reagents?

A

Because target antibodies detected in the serum or plasma can specifically bind with these antigens

49
Q

An incomplete antigen

A

Hapten

50
Q

Most common carrier of hapten in the circulation

A

Albumin

51
Q

Any substance that can induce an immune response

A

Immunogen

52
Q

True or False: All antigen are immunogenic.

A

False. Not all antigens are immunogenic, because antigen may be an incomplete antigen which prevents them from inducing immune response.

53
Q

True or False: All immunogens are antigenic.

A

True. An immunogen will always elicit immune response

54
Q

Most fatal Hypersensitivity reaction

A

Type 1 Hypersensitivity

55
Q

A special class of immunogen that induces
hypersensitivity reactions

A

Allergen

56
Q

What happens during hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Immune response is exaggerated that it damages the tissue.

57
Q

Substances added to an immunogen to enhance immune response

A

Adjuvants

58
Q

Cause the immunogen to have greater immune reactivity

A

Adjuvants

59
Q

Actions of Adjuvants (3)

A

▪ Prolongs the retention time of the immunogen in the body

▪ Increases the effective size of immunogen

▪ Stimulates the influx of macrophage and/or lymphocytes

60
Q

Example of an adjuvant: A water in oil emulsion of Mycobacterium butyricum or Bordetella pertussis culture

A

CFA (Complete Freunds Adjuvants)

61
Q

Bacteria present in CFA

A

M. butyricum and/or B. pertussis

62
Q

Most commonly used adjuvant in clinical setting

A

Aluminum adjuvants

63
Q

Examples of Adjuvants (3):

A

CFA
Lipopolysaccharide
Aluminum adjuvants

64
Q

The strength of the attraction between an epitope and the antigen combining site of the antibody

A

Affinity

65
Q

Refers to the strength of interaction between
complex antigens and antibodies

A

Avidity

66
Q

Difference between avidity and affinity

A

the interacting part of the Antigen and Antibody

67
Q

Simple interaction between a single epitope of antigen and Fab portion of antibody

A

Affinity

68
Q

Sum total of strength of reaction between multiple epitopes of the antigens – involves complex antigens

A

Avidity

Immunoserology (4 decks)

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