antifungals Flashcards
name for fungal infections
mycoses
when do fungal infections arise
- opportunistic infections (immunocompromised)
- broad-spectrum antibacterials wipe out other bateria competition
superficial infections
integumentary (skin, hair, nails, resp tract) and mucous membranes
- generally well controlled
systemic infections
internal environment
- can be life threatening
- must be aggressively treated
fungal infection example
candida albicans
- oral (thrush)
- vaginal (yeast infection)
- dermatomycoses (skin, hair, nails)
when do fungal infections increase (examples)
- pregnancy (vaginal thrush)
- diabetes mellitus (immunocompromised)
- oral contraceptives
naturally occuring antifungal drugs
polynes
synthetic antifungal drugs
azoles
polyenes example
amphotericin B
- amphoterrible - very toxic
- used for severe systemic mycoses
azoles example
fluconazole
- used if body system can’t cope with toxicity of amph b
amphotericin B administration
- slow IV injection
- lipid and non lipid preperations
drugs for superficial infections
nystatin (swished in mouth and swallowed - oral infections)
- polyene
fluconazole (po or topical)
ergosterol
in fungal cell membranes (fungal cholesterol)
polyenes mechanism of action
- bind to ergosterols in cell membrane
- holes in membrane
- cell death
(higher concentrations bind to cholesterol in human cells)
azoles mechanism of action
inhibit sterol-altering enzyme
- altered cell membrane
- effect production pathway of ergosterol
- inhibits growth
