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DRUG CLASSES > ANTIFUNGALS > Flashcards

ANTIFUNGALS Flashcards

1
Q

Five main classification of pathologic fungi

A

Yeasts
Moulds
Dermatophytes
Dimorphic fungi
Pneumocystis

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2
Q

Yeasts

A

Candida spp. (albicans, krusei, glabrata, tropicalis, prapsilosis)

Cryptococcus spp. (neoformans and gatti)

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3
Q

Dimorphic fungi

A

Histoplasma
Coccidioides
Paracoccidioides
Sporothrix
Blastomyces

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4
Q

Moulds

A

Mucor
Rhizopus
Rhizomucor

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5
Q

Types of antifungal agents

A

Polyenes
Allylamines
Echinocandins
Azoles
Griseofulvin
Flucytosine

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6
Q

2 main classes of azoles

A

Triazoles
Imidazoles

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7
Q

Triazoles

A

FIVTRIP

Fluconazole
Isavuconazole
Voriconazole
Terconazole
Ravuconazole
Itrazonazole
Posaconazole

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8
Q

Imidazoles

A

COMBESKS
Clotrimazole
Oxiconazole
Miconazole
Butoconazole
Econazole
Sertaconazole
Ketoconazole
Sulconazole

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9
Q

Indication of allylamines

A

Dermatphytosis of the skin and nails

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10
Q

Mechanism of action of azoles

A

Inhibit Cyp 450 14-α-sterol demethylase preventing the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol

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11
Q

Which fungi are resistant to azoles

A

Candida krusei
Mucormycosis

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12
Q

Allylamines

A

Naftifine
Terbinafine

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13
Q

Allylamines contraindication

A

Acute or chronic liver disease
Hypersensitivity to allylamines
Lactation
Caution in pregnancy

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14
Q

Flucytosine mechanism of action

A

Disrupts protein synthesis by inhibiting RNA synthesis in the fungal cell

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15
Q

Allylamines mechanism of action

A

Inhibit squaline epoxidase
Preventing conversion of squalene to squalene epoxide

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16
Q

Naftifine vs Terbinafine

A

Terbinafine is more potent than naftifine
Terbinafine has oral activity against onchomycosis

17
Q

Two types of polyenes

A

26-membered-ring such as Natamycin

38-membered-ring macrocycles such as Amphotericin B and Nystatin

18
Q

Mechanism of action of echinocandins

A

Inhibit fungal cell wall synthesis by inhibiting β-(1,3) glucan synthesis

19
Q

Mechanism of polyenes

A

Bind with ergosterol causing membrane disruption, cessation of membrane
enzymatic activities and loss of cellular constituents especially potassium ions

3-dimensional shape enable penetration the fungal cell membrane, acting as false membrane components

20
Q

Echinocandins examples

A

Caspofungin
Anidulafungin
Micafungin

21
Q

Griseofulvin indications

A

Dermatophyte infections of the skin, hair, nails and scalp where topical therapy has failed or inappropriate

22
Q

Griseofulvin mechanism of action

A

Binds to tubulin to interfere with microtubule function thus inhibiting mitosis

23
Q

Flucytosine mechanism of action

A

Disrupts protein synthesis by inhibiting RNA synthesis in the fungal cell

DRUG CLASSES (10 decks)

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