antifungals Flashcards
1
Q
antifungal classes
A
- polyenes
- azoles (imidazoles/triazoles)
- echinocandins
- allylamines
2
Q
polyenes
A
- amphotericin B
- nystatin
- bind directly with ergosterol in the cell membrane causing leakage and cell death
3
Q
azoles
A
imidazoles:
- clotrimazole
- miconazole
- ketoconazole
- econazole
triazoles:
- fluconazole
- voriconazole
- itraconazole (complex metabolism not given orally)
- posaconazole (complex metabolism not preferred orally)
4
Q
azoles mechanism of action
A
competitively inhibits the lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase (P450/CYP51) enzyme involved in ergosterol biosynthesis
5
Q
echinocandins
A
- caspofungin
- non-competitively inhibit beta-1/3-D-glucan biosynthesis in cell wall causing cell lysis and death
6
Q
allylamines
A
- terbinafine
- inhibit squalene epoxidase required for ergosterol biosynthesis
7
Q
griseofulvin
A
binds to polymerised microtubules in nucleus and prevents mitosis
8
Q
flucytosine
A
an antimetabolite which interferes with RNA and DNA synthesis in the cell nucleus causing cell death
