Antifungal Agents Flashcards
Fungi are also called?
Mycoses
Fungi cell wall and cell memberane is made up of??
Chitin and ergosterol respectively.
Fungi drugs are classified based on??
Mechanism/site of axn.
Chemical nature.
Route of administration.
Based on mechanism of action, antifungal drugs are further divided into??
Fungi wall inhibitors.
Fungi cell memberane inhibitors.
Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors.
Disruptors of mitotic spindle formation
Example of drug class fungal wall synthesis inhibitor is??
Echinocandin eg capsofungin.
List the drug classes that act on fungal cell memberane?
Polyene.
Allyl amine.
Azole.
List the drug classes that inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
Flucytoseine.
Examples of drugs under polyenes?
Nystatin
Amphotericin B
Azoles are divided into two classes namely??
Imidazole and triazole.
Drugs under imidazoles include?
Clotrimazole.
Miconazole.
Ketconazole.
Drugs under triazole group include?
Voriconazole.
Poscaconazole.
Fluconazole.
Itraconazole.
Drugs under Allyl amine group include?
Terbinafine.
Naftifine.
Butenafine.
Drugs under echinocandins include??
Capsofungin
Micafungin
Rezafungin
What is the MOA of azoles??
Inhibitors of lanosterol alpha 14-demethylase.
What is the MOA of echinocandins?
Inhibit 1,3-beta- glucan synthase
What is the MOA of polyenes??
Disrupts the cell memberane of fungi because of its affinity for ergosterol. And causes direct oxidative damage.
Which group of antifungal drugs share some chemical properties with antibiotics?
Polyenes : amphotericin B, nystatin, hamycin, natamycin.
Heterocyclic benozofuran: griesofulvin.
Which drug is a pyrimidine analogue?
Flucytosine.
Which of the azole group can be both topical and systemic and which is strictly systemic?
Imidazole both
Triazole systemic
An example of a systemic imidazole is?
Ketoconazole
Examples of topical imidazole?
Clotrimazole.
Miconazole.
Oxiconazole.
Econazole.
Which drug is a heterocyclic benozofuran?
Griesofulvin.
Echinocandins are fungicidal.
T/F
True.
What is the route of administration of echinocandins?
IV
Which fungi does echinocandin target?
Candida and aspergillus.
Which drug in the polyene class is both systemic and topical?
Amphotericin B
What is the MOA of Allyl amines??
Blocks ergosterol and lanosterol production by inhibition of squalene epoxidase.
Intracellular accumulation of squalene leads to disruption of cell memberane.
Azoles are fungicidal but fungistatic at high doses.
T/F
False.
Ketoconazole given PO can cause??
Hepatotoxicity.
What is the clinical use of imidazole??
Dermatophytosis
Pityrasis versicolor
Candidiasis
Fungal otitis externa
What is the clinical use for triazole??
Systemic mycoses
What is the MOA of flucytosine??
It inhibits thymidylate synthase, limiting the supply of thymidine.
Why is flucytosine not given alone but with amphotericin B?
Because fungal resistance to flucytosine can develop rapidly when used alone.
Clinical use of nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors include??
Cryptococcosis
Candidiasis
Chromoblastomycoses
What is the MOA of griesofulvin??
Binds to tubulin and acts by preventing the formation of mitotic spindle.
What is the clinical use for griesofulvin??
Used to treat hair and nail infection where topical treatment has failed.
