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Mycology > Antifungal Agents > Flashcards

Antifungal Agents Flashcards

1
Q

Fungi are also called?

A

Mycoses

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2
Q

Fungi cell wall and cell memberane is made up of??

A

Chitin and ergosterol respectively.

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3
Q

Fungi drugs are classified based on??

A

Mechanism/site of axn.
Chemical nature.
Route of administration.

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4
Q

Based on mechanism of action, antifungal drugs are further divided into??

A

Fungi wall inhibitors.
Fungi cell memberane inhibitors.
Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors.
Disruptors of mitotic spindle formation

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5
Q

Example of drug class fungal wall synthesis inhibitor is??

A

Echinocandin eg capsofungin.

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6
Q

List the drug classes that act on fungal cell memberane?

A

Polyene.
Allyl amine.
Azole.

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7
Q

List the drug classes that inhibit nucleic acid synthesis

A

Flucytoseine.

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8
Q

Examples of drugs under polyenes?

A

Nystatin
Amphotericin B

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9
Q

Azoles are divided into two classes namely??

A

Imidazole and triazole.

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10
Q

Drugs under imidazoles include?

A

Clotrimazole.
Miconazole.
Ketconazole.

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11
Q

Drugs under triazole group include?

A

Voriconazole.
Poscaconazole.
Fluconazole.
Itraconazole.

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12
Q

Drugs under Allyl amine group include?

A

Terbinafine.
Naftifine.
Butenafine.

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13
Q

Drugs under echinocandins include??

A

Capsofungin
Micafungin
Rezafungin

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14
Q

What is the MOA of azoles??

A

Inhibitors of lanosterol alpha 14-demethylase.

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15
Q

What is the MOA of echinocandins?

A

Inhibit 1,3-beta- glucan synthase

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16
Q

What is the MOA of polyenes??

A

Disrupts the cell memberane of fungi because of its affinity for ergosterol. And causes direct oxidative damage.

17
Q

Which group of antifungal drugs share some chemical properties with antibiotics?

A

Polyenes : amphotericin B, nystatin, hamycin, natamycin.

Heterocyclic benozofuran: griesofulvin.

18
Q

Which drug is a pyrimidine analogue?

A

Flucytosine.

19
Q

Which of the azole group can be both topical and systemic and which is strictly systemic?

A

Imidazole both
Triazole systemic

20
Q

An example of a systemic imidazole is?

A

Ketoconazole

21
Q

Examples of topical imidazole?

A

Clotrimazole.
Miconazole.
Oxiconazole.
Econazole.

22
Q

Which drug is a heterocyclic benozofuran?

A

Griesofulvin.

23
Q

Echinocandins are fungicidal.

T/F

A

True.

24
Q

What is the route of administration of echinocandins?

A

IV

25
Q

Which fungi does echinocandin target?

A

Candida and aspergillus.

26
Q

Which drug in the polyene class is both systemic and topical?

A

Amphotericin B

27
Q

What is the MOA of Allyl amines??

A

Blocks ergosterol and lanosterol production by inhibition of squalene epoxidase.

Intracellular accumulation of squalene leads to disruption of cell memberane.

28
Q

Azoles are fungicidal but fungistatic at high doses.

T/F

A

False.

29
Q

Ketoconazole given PO can cause??

A

Hepatotoxicity.

30
Q

What is the clinical use of imidazole??

A

Dermatophytosis
Pityrasis versicolor
Candidiasis
Fungal otitis externa

31
Q

What is the clinical use for triazole??

A

Systemic mycoses

32
Q

What is the MOA of flucytosine??

A

It inhibits thymidylate synthase, limiting the supply of thymidine.

33
Q

Why is flucytosine not given alone but with amphotericin B?

A

Because fungal resistance to flucytosine can develop rapidly when used alone.

34
Q

Clinical use of nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors include??

A

Cryptococcosis
Candidiasis
Chromoblastomycoses

35
Q

What is the MOA of griesofulvin??

A

Binds to tubulin and acts by preventing the formation of mitotic spindle.

36
Q

What is the clinical use for griesofulvin??

A

Used to treat hair and nail infection where topical treatment has failed.

Mycology (2 decks)

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