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MODULE 1 > Antifungal > Flashcards

Antifungal Flashcards

1
Q

Adults have an acidic, fatty substance in and out of the skin called?

A

sebum

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2
Q

Higher-molecular-weight fatty acid have the advantage of having (higher or lower) volatility?

A

lower

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3
Q

It is prepared from caprylic acid, which is a component of coconut and palm oils.

A

Sodium caprylate

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4
Q

10-Undecenoic acid, obtained from the destructive
distillation of castor oil.

A

Undecylenic acid

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5
Q

Brand name of undecylenic acid?

A

Desenex, Cruex

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6
Q

is used externally in ointments and solutions for its antifungal
and keratolytic properties.

A

Salicylic acid

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7
Q

m-Hydroxyphenol

A

resorcinol

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8
Q

possesses appreciable antifungal effects, but it cannot
penetrate the outer layer of the skin in infected areas.

A

benzoic acid

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9
Q

Whitfield’s
Ointment, USP. This ointment contains?

A

6% benzoic acid, 6%, and salicylic acid, in a petrolatum base

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10
Q

not a phenol but has properties like those of phenols.

A

ciclopirox olamine

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11
Q

Brand name of clioquinol?

A

Vioform, used vaginally as a treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis vaginitis.

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12
Q

is considered an agent of choice in the treatment of
cutaneous candidiasis, tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea pedis, and
tinea versicolor. It is a second-line for onychomycosis?

A

Ciclopirox olamine

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13
Q

An active metabolite of the drug Flucytosine?

A

5-Fluorouracil

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of action of flucytosine in fungal infections?

A

Conversion to 5-fluorouracil, which inhibits fungal RNA and protein synthesis

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15
Q

One strategy used to decrease resistance and to prolong
the effect of 5-FC is to administer it, with the polyene antibiotic of ?

A

Amphotericin B

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16
Q

Two classes of antifungal antibiotics, are?

A

Polyenes and Griseofulvin

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17
Q

True or False
Natamycin, the smallest macrocycle, is
a pentaene; nystatin is a hexaene; and amphotericin B is a heptaene

A

TRUE

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18
Q

It was purified from the fermentation beer of a soil culture of the actinomycete Streptomyces
nodosus, which was isolated in Venezuela.

A

Amphotericin B

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19
Q

It binds to ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane, forming pores that cause leakage of ions and molecules, disrupting membrane integrity and leading to cell death.

A

Amphotericin B

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20
Q
A
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21
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Amphotericin B can be administered intramuscularly?

A

FALSE, poor absorption to muscle tissue causes thrombophlebitis

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22
Q

A polyene antibiotic that was first isolated in 1951 from a strain of the
actinomycete Streptomyces noursei by Hazen and Brown?

A

Nystatin

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23
Q

A polyene antibiotic obtained from cultures of Streptomyces natalensis?

A

Natamycin

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24
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Natamycin, a 26-membered–ring polyenes cause both potassium ion
leakage and cell lysis at the same concentration. Whereas
the 38-membered–ring polyenes cause potassium leakage
at low, fungistatic concentrations and cell lysis at high, fungicidal concentrations.

A

TRUE

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25
Q

What is the MOA of Griseofulvin?

A

Involves binding to fungal microtubules, which disrupts the mitotic spindle formation during cell division

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26
Q

It is use for the systemically delivered treatment of refractory
ringworm infections of the body, hair, nails, and feet caused by
species of dermatophytic fungi including

A

Griseofulvin

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27
Q

Interfere with an early step in ergosterol biosynthesis, namely, the epoxidation of squalene catalyzed by
squalene epoxidase.

A

Allylamines, such as naftifine and terbinafine

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28
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Squalene epoxidase forms an epoxide at the C2–C3 position of squalene.

A

TRUE

29
Q

Although not an allylamine, it inhibits squalene epoxidase and has a spectrum of activity similar to that of the allylamines.

A

Tolnaftate

30
Q

More potent than naftifine and has also
demonstrated oral activity against onychomycosis
(ringworm of the nails).

A

Terbinafine hydrochloride

31
Q

A thioester of B-naphthol antifungal

A

Tolnaftate

32
Q

Inhibits lanosterol 14- demethylase

A

Azole Antifungal Agents

33
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
The basic structural requirement for members of the azole class is a weakly basic imidazole or 1,2,4-triazole
ring (pKa of 6.5–6.8) bonded by a nitrogen–carbon linkage to the rest of the structure

A

TRUE

34
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Fluconazole, possesses two polar triazole moieties, is sufficiently water soluble to be injected intravenously as a solution of the free base

A

TRUE

35
Q

Two nitrogen in structure group

A

Imidazole

36
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Clotrimazole and Ketoconazole are triazole?

A

FALSE

37
Q

Brand name of Clotrimazole?

A

Canesten

38
Q

Brand name of Tioconazole?

A

Trosyd, more effective against Torulopsis glabrata than other azoles

39
Q

Brand name of Miconazole?

A

Daktarin, Monistat, Micatin

40
Q

Brand name of Ketoconazole?

A

Nizoral

41
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Ketoconazole antagonizes Amphotericin B?

A

TRUE

42
Q

Brand name Itraconazole?

A

Sporanox

43
Q

Brand name of fluconazole?

A

Diflucan

44
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Hepatotoxicity, most serious adverse effect of ketoconazole.

A

TRUE

45
Q

Agent of choice for cryptococcal meningitis and prophylaxis against cryptococcosis in
AIDS patient.

A

Fluconazole

46
Q

Approved for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and refractory infections of
Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp

A

Voriconazole

47
Q

It noncompetitively inhibit (1,3) beta-d-glucan synthase enzyme.

A

Echinocanadins, such as Micafungin, Anidulafungin, Caspofungin

48
Q

A cyclic depsipeptide produced by fermentation in cultures of Aureobasidium
pullulan

A

Aureobasidin A

49
Q

A noncompetitive inhibitor of enzyme inositol phosphorylceramide synthase
( essential enzyme for fungal sphingolipid biosynthesis)

A

Aureobasidins A

50
Q

First line options for the Tx of invasive candidiasis and candidemia

A

ECHINOCANDINS

51
Q

First echinocandin option for patients with invasive candidiasis.
* Second line option for invasive aspergillosis

A

Capofungin

52
Q

Echinocandins that : indicated for the prophylaxis for invasive Candia infections

A

Micafungin

53
Q

Echinocandins that can be administered in severe hepatic dysfunction

A

Anidulafungin

54
Q
A
54
Q

Give example of CELL MEMBRANE SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS of fungi?

A

Polyenes such as Amphotericin B, Nystatin, Natamycin

55
Q

DOC for systemic mycoses

A

Amphotericin B

56
Q

MOA: Inhibition of C-14 α-
demethylase

A

Azoles

57
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?
Azoles are contraindicated for pregnancy?

A

TRUE

58
Q

DOC for the Tx of Blastomycosis, Sporotrichosis,
Paracoccidioidomycosis, Histoplasmosis

A

Itraconazole

59
Q

Buccal tablet for the tx of thrush.

A

Miconazole

60
Q

Endocrine A/E: Gynecomastia, ↓ libido, Impotence,
Menstrual irregularitites

A

Ketoconazole

61
Q

DOC for Onychomycosis

A

Terbinafine

62
Q

DNA SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS of fungi?

A

Flucytosine and Ciclopirox olamine

63
Q

Inhibits the transport of essential elements in the fungal cell,
disrupting the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins

A

Ciclopirox olamine

64
Q

DOC for ringworm or tinea infection

A

Griseofulvin

65
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Griseofulvin absorption is increased by fats.

A

TRUE

66
Q

Distorts the hyphae and stunts mycelial growth in susceptible
fungi

A

Tolnaftate

67
Q
A

MODULE 1 (5 decks)

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