Antiepileptics Flashcards
Na+ channel blockers
Inhibit depolarization — prolonged inactivated state
Side effects; nausea and vomiting, ataxia, nystagmus, double vision, vertigo, dizziness
Phenytoin; tonic-clonic, partial, status epilepticus, digitoxin induced v-fib
Carbamazepine; tonic-clonic, partial, manic episodes, trigeminal neuralgia
Oxcarbazepine; partial
Elicarbazepine; partial
T-type Ca2+ channel blocker
Ethosuximide; absence seizures
Benzodiazepines (GABAergic)
Diazepam and clonazepam can be used for status epilepticus
Oxazepam
Clobazepam
GABA transaminase inhibitors
Vigabatrine; partial seizures, West syndrome
Cause sedation, drowsiness, headache, ataxia, loss of vision (retinal detachment)
GABA reuptake inhibitors
Tiagabin; partial seizures
Stiripentol; dravet syndrome, tonic-clinic,
- sedative
Broad spectrums
Valproate Topiramate Lamotrigine Levetiracitam Zonisamide Acetazolamide
Valproate
Broad spectrum
Absence seizures, manic episodes and mood stabilizer
Na+ blocker, t-type ca2+blocker, GABA transaminase inhibitor
Not sedative
Injection for status epilepticus
Enzyme inducer
Topiramate
Broad spectrum
Na+ block, AMPA antagonist, potentiates GABA
Increase threshold for seizures
Lamotrigine
Broad spectrum
Tonic-clonic, partial, manic episode, west syndrome
Na block, l,n,p-type ca block, weak 5-HT3 inhibition
May cause rash
Levetiracitam
Broad spectrum
Partial seizures
Inhibit sv2a
Zonisamide
Broad spectrum
Partial seizures, Parkinson’s
Unknown mech
Acetazolamide
Broad spectrum
Adjuvant to any epilepsy
Other drugs used as antiepileptic
Phenobarbital Primidone Zonisamide Rufinamid Felbamate Briviracetam Sulthiam
