antiepileptic drugs

Question 1

transient occurrence of signs and or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity of the brain

Answer 1

epileptic seizure

Question 2

a disease of the brain characterized by and enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures, and by the neurobiological, cognitive, psychological, and social consequences of this condition

Answer 2

epilepsy

demonstrates a pathologic and enduring tendency to have a recurrent seizure

Question 3

a epileptic seizure that lasts longer than 30 min

Answer 3

the old definition of status apilepticus

Question 4

a condition resulting from either failure of the mechanisms responsible for seizure termination or from the initiation of mechanism which lead to abnormally prolonged seizures (after 1 hr)

Answer 4

status epilepticus

Question 5

when can status epilepticus have long term consequences

Answer 5

after 2 hours it can lead to neuronal death or injurt, and alter neural networks, depending on type and duration

Question 6

how long do secondarily generalized seizures last?

Answer 6

less than 2 min

Question 7

seizures are disorders of the neuronal excitibility causing changes in the ________, ________, ________, ______

Answer 7

membrane potential
depolarization
refactory period
hyperpolarization

Question 8

principle neurotransmitter that can produce depolarization

Answer 8

gluatamate (Na+, Ca 2+)

Question 9

principle neurotransmitter that can produce hyperpolarization

Answer 9

GABA (Cl-)

Question 10

__________ consists of large depolarization of neuronal membrane associated with a burst of action potentials

Answer 10

depolarization shift (DS)

Question 11

depolarization shift is generated by large ____________________ that can be enhanced by activation of voltage gated intrinsic membrane currents (Na, K, Ca)

Answer 11

excitatory synaptic current

Question 12

phenytoin class

Answer 12

hydantoins

Question 13

• drug that causes a voltage dependent block of voltage gated sodium channels, limiting the spread of seizure activity and reducing seizure propagation

Answer 13

phenytoin

Question 14

• drugs target is sodium channel protein type 5 alpha and type 1 alpha inhibitor

Answer 14

phenytoin

Question 15

drug used for control of generalized tonic clonic and complex partial seizures and prevention and treatment of seizures occurring during or after neurosurgery

Answer 15

phenytoin

Question 16

*drug that can cause cardiotoxicity arrhythmias, gingival hyperplasia, hyperglycemia, osteomalacia

Answer 16

phenytoin

Question 17

phenobarbital class

Answer 17

barbiturics

Question 18

Drug that acts on Gaba-A receptors increasing synaptic inhibitions, elevates seizure threshold

Answer 18

phenobarbital

Question 19

*GABA receptor alpha-1 potentiator

neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha 4 and 7

Answer 19

phenobarbital

Question 20

*NMDA receptor andagonist

Answer 20

phenobarbital

Question 21

*can cause respiratory depression may progress to cheyne stokes respiration/ typical shock syndrome** (apnea, circulatory collapse, respiratory arrest, death)

Answer 21

phenobarbital

Question 22

*sedation is most common side effect to this antiepyleptic drug

Answer 22

phenobarbital

Question 23

carbamazepine class

Answer 23

iminostilbenes

Question 24

anticonvulsive drugs that also posseses anticholinergic, central antidiuretic, antiarrhythmic, muscle relaxant, antidepressant, sedative and neuromuscular blicking properties

Answer 24

carbamazepine

Question 25

*anticonvulsive drug that is sodium channel protein type 5 alpha antagonist/ also used for pain due to trigeminal neuralgia

Answer 25

carbamazepine

Question 26

*drug that causes ataxia, benign leukopenia, steven joshnson syndrome

Answer 26

carbamazepine

Question 27

ethosuximide class

Answer 27

succinimides

Question 28

antiepileptic drug that binds to T-type voltage sensitive calcium channels

Answer 28

ethosuximide

Question 29

drug used for treatment of petit mal epilepsy

Answer 29

ethosuximide

Question 30

*can cause systemic lupus, **steven johnson sydrome, eosinohilia, leukopenia , aplastic anemia

Answer 30

ethosuximide

Question 31

*drug known to inhibit succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase causing a a decrease in gaba transaminase as a result increasing gaba levels in CNS

Answer 31

valproate

Question 32

*drug that impacts extracellular signal related kinase pathway, causing overexpression of brain derived neurotrophic factor

Answer 32

valproate

Question 33

antiepileptic drug that is a succinate- semialdehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial antagonist

Answer 33

valproate

Question 34

antiepileptic drug that causes male infertility

Answer 34

valproate

Question 35

drug that bind on various varieties of GABA a receptors, this acts to enhance effects of gaba by increasing its affinity for gaba a receptor

Answer 35

clonazepam

Question 36

clonazepam class

Answer 36

benzodiazepines

Question 37

*GABA-A receptor (anion channel) agonist

Answer 37

clonazepam

Question 38

drug that causes dysarthia and nystagmus, OD is not life threatening/ Come if it does occur usually lasts a few hours

Answer 38

clonazepam

Question 39

*anti seizure drug that has increased risk of congenital malformations, pass to maternal milk,( coma if it occurs lasts a few hours)

Answer 39

clonazepam

Question 40

increases the synaptic concentration of gABA, enhances GABA responses at nonsynaptic sites in neuronal tissues and reduces the release of mono amine neurotransmitters

Answer 40

gabapentin

Question 41

voltage dependent calcium channel antagonist NMDA antagonist

Answer 41

gabapentin

Question 42

antiepileptic drug that can cause ataxia, labored breathing, ptosis, sedation, hypoactivity and excitation pregnancy category C

Answer 42

gabapentin

Question 43

antiepileptic drug that causes drowsiness, lethargy metabolic acidosis Kidney stones IF OD stomach lavage and induction of emesis is recommended

Answer 43

topiramate

Question 44

*this antiepileptic drug has been observed to produce tumors of smooth muscle origin in the urinary bladder

Answer 44

topiramate`

Question 45

antiepileptic drug that resembles the actions of phenytoin and carbamazepine in inhibiting voltage sensitive sodium channels causes steven johnson syndrome

Answer 45

lamotrigine

Question 46

antiepileptic drug that stimulates synaptic vesicle protein 2A inhibiting neurotransmitter release can cause drowsiness, reduced consciousness

Answer 46

levetiracetam