Antidotes Flashcards
Outline the use of N-acetylcysteine
Acetaminophen (paracetamol) overdose;
may be tried for amanita mushroom toxicosis, , xylitol toxicosis
Can be used orally; Injectable (Acetadote) available; in addition, can also use SAMe
What reverses benzodiazepines?
Flumanezil, multiple doses may be needed
Can reverse CNS depression
When would pamiodronate be given?
Cholecalciferol, calcipotriene, calcitriol antidote
Treats hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia; can cause transient azotemia; may require multiple doses
When can methocarbamol be used?
For tremor control in permethrin toxicosis in cats; can also be tried in cats/dogs for tremors resulting from other pyrethrins/pyrethroids
Not an anticonvulsant
When is atipamazole used?
To treat alpha-2-adrenergic agonist effects
What toxicities can D-penicillamine be used for?
Zinc, cadmium, lead, copper, mercury
Used orally; can cause GI signs; do not use when metal is still present in the GI tract
When can SAM-e be used?
General hepatoprotective agent; has been suggested as a supplement Used as an aid in hepatic damage from various causes (mushroom, xylitol, cycad, acetaminophen, and others)
What is Vitamin K used to treat?
Anticoagulants (warfarin, brodifacoum, bromodiolone) Parenteral use can cause allergic reaction; use orally for 2–4 weeks or more as needed; works better with fatty food and in divided doses
Outline the use of intralipid emulsion
For certain lipophilic drug toxicosis;
potential for ivermectin, moxidectin and other avemectins; cholecalciferol and other vitamin D3 analogue; amlodipine; baclofen; diltiazem; lidocaine; nifedipine; verapamil; severe marijuana toxicois; permethrin toxicosis; bupropion; trazodone; phenobarbital and other barbiturates overdose; tricyclic antideprassants; propranolol
may have to repeat 2 or 3 times every 4–6 h provided no hyperlipemia present;
S/E - lack of efficacy; hyperlipidemia; hemolysis; embolism; infection potential adverse effects
When is glucagon used?
Used for treating hypoglycemia caused by insulin overdose and hypoglycemia agents; beta-adrenergic agents, calcium channel blockers and tricyclic antidepressant overdose for atrioventricular block, bradycardia, and hypotension
When is hydroxycobalamin used?
Vitamin B12 precursor; used to treat cyanide toxicosis
When is silymarin used?
Used as a hepatoprotective agent in acetaminophen and amanita mushroom toxicosis
Used within 48 h of exposure; may have to be used for several weeks
When is ACP used?
To control hyperexcitation from amphetamine toxicosis and other similar stimulants; used for seroteneric drug overdose
