Antidiabetics Flashcards
Diabetes Definition
Chronic disorder of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism characterized by either type I or type II
Type I Diabetes
an absolute deficiency of insulin; beta cells of pancreas unable to produce insulin; thought to be an autoimmune disorder. Type 1 diabetics must take insulin injections
Type II Diabetes
a relative insulin deficiency; body is resistant to the insulin that is produced; even though pancreatic beta cells make insulin. Type 2 diabetics begin therapy usually with oral drugs
Diabetic nephropathy
kidney failure
Why are half of people on dialysis
because of diabetes
Diabetic neuropathy
patients loose sensations and feelings
Diabetic retinopathy
visual changes, tiny capillaries are disrupted/fragile, sees black spots, can develop blindness
high glucose levels makes wounds
harder to heal because of infections
The seven-year incidence rates of myocardial infarction in nondiabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction at base line were
18.8 percent and 3.5 percent, respectively
The seven-year incidence rates of myocardial infarction in diabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction at base line were
45.0 percent and 20.2 percent, respectively
Many diabetics have what surgery
coronary bypass surgery
alpha cells produce
glucagon - causes the release glucose from cell storage, sites where blood glucose levels are low
beta cells produce
insulin which allows body to use and store carbs, fats, and protein
insulin allows
glucose to the blood to move into the cells
Liver
first major organ reached by insulin-promotes storage and production of glycogen (GLYCOGENESIS)