Anticoagulants, Antiplatelets, Thrombolytics Flashcards
in plasma
H2O and electrolytes (Sodium, magnesium, potassium), proteins (albumines, globulino, fibrogen), wastes, nutrients (vitamins, hormones), gases (O2, N2, CO2)
formed elements
platelets, red blood cells, white blood, cells
white blood cell types
neutrophils and monocytes are the 1st to site; eosinphils and basophils are for allergic reaction; lymphocytes - immunity
thrombus =
clot
Anticoagulants, Anti-platelets, Thrombolytics are used to treat
THROMBOTIC and THROMBOEMBOLC disorders
Embolus
traveling clot (so it breaks loose and travels)
THROMBI and EMBOLI that lodge in vital organs can cause
death
How Clotting Occurs
When injury to a blood vessel occurs, within seconds, PLATELETS travel to the site and within 1-2 minutes, form a platelet plug to stop the bleeding; • The platelet cell membrane immediately begins to disintegrate allowing contents to leak that cause VASOCONSTRICTION; and Release of THROMBOPLASTIN
THROMBOPLASTIN with calcium ions causes the conversion of PROTHROMBIN to **
THROMBIN
THROMBIN converts FIBRINOGEN to **
FIBRIN
After 24 hours, FIBRIN replaces
platelets at the site of the blood clot
so goal to prevent the release of thromboplastin so you would need
anticoagulant
anticoagulants DO NOT
DO NOT dissolve clots; DO NOT improve blood flow in the surrounding tissue of the clot; DO NOT prevent ischemic damage to tissues beyond the clot; DO NOT “thin” the blood
anticoagulants are given to
PREVENT CLOT EXTENSION AND FORMATION (so given to prevent clot formation)
“By definition, anticoagulants are drugs
that reduce formation of fibrin.”
2 TYPES OF ANTICOAGULANTS
- Parenteral Heparins 2. Oral warfarin (Coumadin)
anticoagulants are different than anti platelets by working on
clotting factors not the platelets
Parenteral Heparins inhibits **
thrombin, thus blocking conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
Parenteral Heparins helps
antithrombin inactivate clotting factors, thrombin and factor Xa
now draw blood to check
anti Xa levels for people on heparin
all heparins are given
parenterally - subq or IV
Oral warfarin (Coumadin) blocks
the synthesis of vitamin k-dependent clotting factors