Antidiabetic Drugs

Question 1

Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 1

Lack of insulin production or production of defective insulin

Question 2

Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 2

Caused by insulin deficiency and insulin resistance

Question 3

Gestational Diabetes

Answer 3

Hyperglycemia that develops during pregnancy
- Insulin must be given to prevent birth defects.

Question 4

Rapid-acting Insulin

Answer 4

Onset of action: 10 to 15 mins
Peak: 1 to 2 hrs
Duration: 3 to 5 hrs.

Insulin Lispro (Humalog)
Insulin Aspart (NovoPrapid)
Insulin Glulisine (Apidra)

Question 5

Short-acting insulin

Answer 5

Onset: 30 mins
Peak: 2 to 3 hrs
Duration: 6.5 hrs

Regular insulin (Humulin R)

Question 6

Intermediate-acting insulins

Answer 6

Onset: 1 to 3 hrs
Peak: 5 to 8 hours
Duration: up to 18 hrs

Insulin isophane suspension (NPH)

Question 7

Long-acting insulin

Answer 7

Onset: 90 mins
Peak: none
Duration: 24 hrs

Insulin glargine (Lantus)

Question 8

Biguanide

Answer 8

Metformin (Glucophage)
- oral medication treatment for type 2 diabetes
- First line drug
- Decrease liver production of triglycerides and cholesterol

Question 9

Sulfonylureas

Answer 9

Bind to specific receptors on B-cells in the pancreas to stimulate the release of insulin.

• glimepiride (Amaryl)
• gliclazide (Diamicron)
• Glyburide (DIabeta)