Antidiabetic Drugs

Question 1

Symptoms of insulin deficiency

Answer 1

Polydipsia
Polyphagia
Polyuria
Weight loss

Question 2

Treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus

Answer 2

Insulin injection

Question 3

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is frequently accompanied by

Answer 3

By the lack of sensitivity of target organs to either exogenous or endogenous insulin.

Question 4

sulfonylureas and meglitinides

Answer 4

produce their hypoglycemic effect due to the inhibition of the K+ channels.

Question 5

Sources of insulin

Answer 5

-Human insulin is produced by recombinant DNA technology using special strains of Escherichia coli or yeast

Question 6

Adverse reactions to insulin

Answer 6

Weight gain, , allergic reactions, and local injection site reactions.

Question 7

insulin lispro and insulin aspart.

Answer 7

-Because of their rapid onset and short duration of action, the lispro and aspart forms of insulin are classified as rapid-acting insulins

Question 8

Intermediate-acting insulin

Answer 8

-Neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin is a suspension of crystalline zinc insulin combined at neutral pH with a positively
charged polypeptide, protamine. It is also known as isophane insulin (suspension).
-Its duration of action is intermediate. This is due to delayed absorption of the insulin because of its conjugation with protamine,
forming a less-soluble complex.
-NPH insulin should only be given subcutaneously (never intravenously) and is useful in treating all forms of diabetes.

Question 9

Long-acting insulin preparations

Answer 9

Insulin glargine and Insulin detemir :
-They precipitate at the injection site, thereby extending their action.
-They are slower in onset than NPH insulin and have a flat, prolonged hypoglycemic effect .
- They must be given subcutaneously.

Question 10

A-Sulfonylureas

Answer 10

Insulin secretagogues.
The drugs used today are tolbutamide
And the second derivatives glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride.