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Pharmacology and Therapeutics > Anticonvulsants > Flashcards

Anticonvulsants Flashcards

1
Q

Epilepsy

A

Neurological condition causing frequent seizures

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2
Q

Absence seizures

A

General

  • characterised by 3Hz brain activity
  • brief staring episodes with behavioural arrest
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3
Q

Complex partial/focal seizures

A

Partial/focal

-Impaired awareness/consciousness

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4
Q

Myoclonic seizures

A

General

-sudden, brief muscle contractions

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5
Q

Simple partial/focal seizures

A

Partial/focal

-Retained awareness/consciousness

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6
Q

Tonic/atonic seizures

A

General

-sudden muscle stiffening/sudden loss of muscle control

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7
Q

Tonic-clonic seizures

A

General

  • loss of consciousness
  • muscle stiffening
  • jerking/twitching from sudden muscle contraction (wakes up from deep sleep)
  • clonic convulsions
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8
Q

Carbamazepine pharmacodynamics

A

Stabilises inactive state of sodium ion channel, hence reducing neuronal activity

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9
Q

Carbamazepine pharmacokinetics

A
  • Hepatic enzyme inducer
  • Onset of activity within 1 hour
  • 16-30 hour half life
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10
Q

Carbamazepine uses

A

Treats tonic-clonic seizures and partial seizures
-Potentially severe side effects in individuals with HLA-B*1502 allele (carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis)

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11
Q

Absence seizure pharmacological treatment

A
  • Ethosuximide
  • Lamotrigine
  • Sodium Valproate
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12
Q

Myoclonic seizure pharmacological treatment

A
  • Levetiracetam
  • Topiramate
  • Sodium Valproate
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13
Q

Simple partial/Complex partial seizures pharmacological treatment

A
  • Carbamazepine
  • Levetiracetam
  • Lamotrigine
  • Sodium Valproate
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14
Q

Status epilepticus pharamacological treatment

A

Diazepam

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15
Q

Tonic/atonic seizures pharmacological treatment

A

Sodium Valproate

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16
Q

Tonic-clonic seizures pharmacological treatment

A
  • Carbamazepine
  • Lamotrigine
  • Sodium Valproate
17
Q

Status epilepticus

A

General

-more than 5 mins of continuous seizure activity

18
Q

Lamotrigine pharmacodynamics

A

Inactivates sodium ion channel, hence reducing glutamate neuronal activity

19
Q

Lamotrigine pharmacokinetics

A
  • Onset of activity within 1 hour

- 24-34 hour half life

20
Q

Lamotrigine uses

A

Treats tonic-clonic seizures and absence seizures

21
Q

Ethosuximide pharmacodynamics

A

T-type calcium ion channel antagonist, hence reducing activity in relay thalamic neurones

22
Q

Ethosuximide pharmacokinetics

A

-Long half life of 50 hours

23
Q

Ethosuximide uses

A

Treats absence seizures

24
Q

Levetiracetam pharmacodynamics

A

Binds to synaptic vesicle associated protein (SV2A), preventing glutamate release

25
Q

Levetiracetam pharmacokinetics

A
  • Fast onset of activity within 1 hour

- Half life of 10 hours

26
Q

Levetiracetam uses

A

Treats myoclonic seizures

27
Q

Topiramate pharmacodynamics

A

Inhibits NMDA receptors and Kainate receptors, also affecting VGSCs and GABA receptors

28
Q

Topiramate pharmacokinetics

A
  • Fast onset of activity within 1 hour

- Long half life of 20 hours

29
Q

Topiramate uses

A

Treats myoclonic seizures

30
Q

Diazepam pharmacodynamics

A

GABA receptor PAM-> increased GABA-mediated inhibition

31
Q

Diazepam pharmacokinetics

A
  • Rectal gel
  • Fast onset of activity within 15 mins
  • Half life of 2 hours
32
Q

Diazepam uses

A

Status epilepticus

33
Q

Sodium valproate pharmacodynamics

A

GABA transaminase inhibition-> increased GABA-mediated inhibition

34
Q

Sodium valproate pharmacokinetics

A
  • Fast onset of activity within 1 hour

- Half life of 12 hours

35
Q

Sodium valproate uses

A

Treats all forms of epilepsy

Pharmacology and Therapeutics (30 decks)

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