Anticonvulsants

Question 1

Which drugs can be added to monotherapy?

Answer 1

valproic acid/depakote
gabapentin
levetiracetam/keppra

Question 2

Which drugs are used for chronic pain?

Answer 2

• carbamazepine/tegretol
• gabapentin
• levetiracetam/keppra (neuropathic pain)

Question 3

which drugs are used for status epilepticus

Answer 3

lorazepam
diasepam/valium
clonazepam/klonopin

Question 4

which drugs can be used for absence seizures

Answer 4

ethosuximide/zarontin (first line
clonazepam/klonopin (first line)
valproic acid/depakote

Question 5

slide 49

Answer 5

.

Question 6

what drugs can be used to treat partial seizures

Answer 6

.

Question 7

most generalized seizures are what type?

Answer 7

complex seizures

Question 8

If there is a post-ictal state, the seizure was most likely

Answer 8

neurogenic

Question 9

hynogenic seizures

Answer 9

happen between sleep and wake

Question 10

If you see three small lesions on MRI, think

One larger lesion on MRI, think

Answer 10

metastatic ca

primary tumor

Question 11

simple
complex
partial
generalized

Answer 11

• no change in consciousness
• change in level of consciousness
• one part or side of body affected
• entire body

Question 12

60% of people with epilepsy have what type of seizure

Answer 12

focal/partial

Question 13

is person conscious in a simple partial seizure?

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

a person who can’t respond well while having a seizure is most likely having a

Answer 14

complex seizure

Question 15

status epilepticus

danger

Answer 15

tonic clonic seizure for greater than 5 minutes

- danger for cerebral ischemia

Question 16

MOA anticonvulsant drugs

Answer 16

alter sodium/ca channels

potentiate GABA

Question 17

drugs for partial seizures

Answer 17

carbamasepine
phenytoin
diazepam
primidone
valproic acid
lamotrigine

Question 18

Are benzodiazapines first line for seizures?

Answer 18

No, third line unless status epilepticus, then first line

Question 19

drugs for absence seizures

Answer 19

ethosuximide
valproic acid
clonazepam

Question 20

drugs for generalized tonic clonic seizures

Answer 20

valproic acid

topiramate

Question 21

phenobarbital

Answer 21

• enhanced GABA

- longest used anti-seizure medication

Question 22

primidone

Answer 22

barbituate/anticonvulsant
broken down into phenobarbital
category D (not used in pregnancy)

Question 23

indicated for all seizures except absence seizures

Answer 23

primidone

Question 24

drug for grand mal seizures

Answer 24

diazepam/valium

Question 25

diazepam/valium

Answer 25

increased sensitivity to GABA receptors/increased chloride influx inhibits synaptic transmission

• not good for chronic treatment of seizures
• indicated for grand mal seizures, status epilepticus, anxiety, panic disorders
• not used long term for seizures as tolerance is quick to develop

Question 26

Clonazepam/klonopin

Answer 26

benzodiazepine/anticonvulsant
GABA receptor sensitivity increased
absence seizures or status epilepticus
*abuse potential

Question 27

phenytoin/dilantin

Answer 27

anticonvulsant
reduces na and ca current
prophylaxis for seizures, not absence seizures
SE: nystagmus, gingical hyperplasia
*monitor with CBC and liver function tests

Question 28

carbamazepine/tegretol

Answer 28

anticonvulsant
decrease na and ca current
prophylaxis for seizures excetp absence, chronic pain
*monitor with CBC and liver function test
SE: arrhthmias, bone marrow supression

Question 29

valproic acid/depakote

Answer 29

anticonvulsant
inhances GABA transmission
all seizures including absence
congenital birth defects
SE: N, anxiety, folic acid antagonist

Question 30

ethosuximide/zarontin

Answer 30

anticonvulsant
absence seizures
less hepatotoxic
SE: gingival hyperplasia, lupus like syndrome

Question 31

what drug can be used for hiccups?

Answer 31

ethosuximide/zarontin

Question 32

gabapentin/neurontin

Answer 32

anticonvulsant, atypical analgesic
increases GABA and ca ch
chronic pain, post-herpetic neuralgia, migraines, addictions
not so bad

Question 33

lamotrigine/lamactil

Answer 33

anticonvulsant
tonic-clonic/gran mal seizures, complex partial, seizures resistant to other drugs, bipolar
SE: cleft palate

Question 34

what drug treats seizures resistant to other drugs?

Answer 34

lamotrigine/lamactil

levetiracetam/keppra

Question 35

what is also used to treat bipolar disorder

Answer 35

lamotrigine/lamactil

Question 36

levetiracetam/keppra

Answer 36

anticonvulsant
tonic clonic, complex partial, resistant to other drugs tx
neuropathic pain