Anticoagulation Acute VTE Flashcards
What are some hypercoagulable conditions
PRIMARY
ATIII def
Protien C and S def
Factor XII def
Factor V (genetic Leiden)
Increased factor VIII
Prothrombin mutation (G20210A)
SECONDARY
Pregnancy, Immobile, Trauma, Oral contraceptives Anitphospholipid syndrome, cancer, HITTS
DVT signs and symptoms
Unilateral swelling and + Homan sign ( flex foot and pain behind calf = DVT )
Palpable cord
Doppler sounds and B mode visual
Elevated D dimmer (((≤240 normal )))
Wells score of ≤2
Pulmonary embolism (PE) signs and symptoms
Dyspnea
Tachy pnea and cardia
Chest pain and tightness
V/Q scan mismatch
Elevated D- dimmer
Simplified wells score of >4
Wells score scoring
≤0 low with 5% DVT
1-2 moderate with 17% DVT
≥3 likely with 17-53% DVT
DVT flow chart for treatment
Wells PE score meaning
≤4 unlikely 12.1%
≥4 likely 37.1%
PE flow chart
VTE treatment flow chart
What do you do when you have PE with cardio compromise or DVT with high limb loss
Fibrinolytic + UFH or LMWH
If pt negative for DVT (limb loss) and PE (cardio complication) but actively bleeding
In addition to being contra with anticoagulant
And it being a lower extremity?
Place IVC filter
Initiate anticoagulant when bleeding stops (if not CI)
Remove IVC
If no to bleeding and sever DVT and PE with complication what do you do
And pt has PE with poor prognosis or DVT inpatient?
CrCl <30 - UFH for 5 days overlap with warfarin and INF >2
Crcl >30 UFH for 5 days overlap with warfarin and INF >2 and UFH with transition to DOAC
Outpatient VTE medications
Rivaroxaban
Apixaban
LMWH/ fondaparinux x 5 days then dabigatran or edoxaban
LMWH/ fondaparinux x 5 days overlap with warfarin and INR >2
What is the one of the concerns for fibrinolytic usage?
Not site specific and can trigger hemmoragic events
X in pt that has a ischemic stroke before
X bleeding or injury in the last 3 months
What dose of heparin needs to be given with what drug therapy
Fibrinolytic need a high intensity heparin
LD - 80 units/kg iv bolus MX 10,000 (125 kg)
MD - 18 units/kg/hour MX 2150 units/hr (120 kg)
NOTE
Can stop or keep but in US we stop heparin when starting fibrinolytic
Alteplase dose and place in therapy
MAIN DRUG USED FOR DVT or PE
PE: 100mg IV over 2 hours
Cardiac arrest: 50 mg IV bolus
Stop heparin for those 2 hours then continue
What are the fibrinolytic?
Alteplase (t-PA)
Tenectaplase (TNK)
Streptokinase
Urokinase
VTE treatment strategies (picture)
Oral only treatment for VTE (Apixban)
0-7 days
Apixaban 10mg BID for 7 days
8-90 days
Apixaban 5mg BID
91+
Apixaban 2.5mg BID
Oral only treatment for VTE (Rivaroxaban)
0-7 days
Rivaroxaban 15mg BID for 21 days
8-90 days
Rivaroxaban 20mg QD
91+
Rivaroxaban 10mg QD
Switch treatment for VTE
0-7 days
UFH, LMWH or Fondaparinux for 5-10 days
8-90 days
Dabigatran 150mg BID or edoxaban 60mg QD
If dont want to wait the 5- 10 days can use apixaban or Rivaroxaban
91+
Dabigatran 150mg BID after first 6 months
Overlap therapy for VTE
0-7 days
UFH, LMWH or fondaparinux
Also starting warfarin QD overlapped with parental anti coagulation for at least 5 days and INR ≥2 and then
8-91+
Warfarin regiment
What part does heparin act on and do?
Requires AT III
Doesn’t dissolve cot just prevents it from growing