anticoagulant Flashcards
what are the 4 types of anticoagulants, and what do they all do
Factor Xa inhibitors, Antithrombins, Heparin and Vit K antagonists
modifing blood clotting mechanisms
name an example of a Vitamin K antagonsit
warfarin
what is the mechanism of Warfarin
inhibits the activation of vitamin K dependent clotting factors (II, VII,IX & X)
effects develop 48-72h after
what are warfarin’s adverse effects
haemorrhage
skin necrosis
when is warfarin used
atrial fibrillation
venous thromboembolism
prothetic heart value
what are the two contra-indication of warfarin(2)
-small population is genetically resistant due to reduced binding to Vit K reductase
-drug-drug interaction with aspirin
how does heparin work
- inhibits coagulation by activating antithrombin (III) which is an inhibitor of thrombin and clotting factor IX,Xa,XI and XIII
-Antithrombin becomes 1000x more active
Low molecular weight heparin is
fragment or synthetic heparin, which has more consistant activity (inactive factor Xa and thrombin)
if apixaban and rivaroxaban are contraindicated then heparin can be used to treat
Venous thromboembolism
what is the difference between heparin and LMWH
heparin has a short half life, must be guven freuently as continuous infusion where as LMWH have a longer duration which allows one daily dose
overdose of heparin can be treated with
IV protamine
heparins adverse effect
bleeding
hypersensitivity
Low MW heparin has a lower risk of heparin thrombocytopenia - true or false
true
heparin isn’t suitable if (3)
-platelet count = <100,000
-patient can have routine monitering
-patient has an active uncontrollable bleed
what is dabigatren and what does it do
Its a direct thrombin inhibitor
reversible inhibitor of thrombin
