anticancer Flashcards
what is a proto-oncogene?
gene that regulates normal cell growth
what is an oncogene?
a mutated gene capable of causing a hallmark of cancer
name an example of an oncogene
BRACA-1 for breast cancer
osimertinib mode of action
inhibits RAS and PI3K pathways
causes activation of alternate pathway as it inhibits downstream pathway and results in apoptosis
what is neoangiogenesis
formation of blood vessels in a tumour
MDM2 gene mutation
supresses p53 by degrading it
overexpression of this gene results in low p53
p53 gene
causes cell arrest for repair or apoptosis when DNA is damaged
disadvantages with classical cancer therapy
only targets dividing cells
not selective
side effects
advantages of personalised medicine
customised strategies
eliminate trial and error inefficiencies
reduce cost/time / failure rate of clinical trials
side effects reduced
target cancer cell pathways not normal cells
disadvantages of personalised medicine
cost/ethics of pharmacodiagnostic development development of resistance reduced market share morality multiple genes may be involved expensive time consuming to develop
hoe PARP inhibitor active in BRACA-1/2 deficient cancers
PARP+BRACA= DNA repair
no BRAC = no ability to undergo double strand break repair or homologous recombination of DNA
leads to cell death or misreading of DNA
PARP inhibition = no single strand break repair
apoptosis
why are protein-protein interactions of Bcl-2 family good cancer targets?
theres a higher [ pro-death proteins] in cancer cells
but sequestered by over-expression of pro-survival proteins
only takes a few protein interaction breaks for apoptosis
describe how Bcl-2 family of proteins controls apoptosis and how cancer exploits this pathway
cancer cells often over express pro-survival proteins like Bcl-2 which sequester pro-death proteins like BAX
prevents caspase activation
inhibit activator gene = inhibit pro-death genes
