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IMSE LEC MIDTERM > ANTIBODY STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION > Flashcards

ANTIBODY STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Flashcards

1
Q

surface markers that remain
on the cell surface throughout the subsequent developmental stages

A

CD19, CD24 and
CD45R

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2
Q

found in the serum portion of the
blood

A

GLYCOPROTEIN

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3
Q

What is the composition of immunoglobulin?

A

82-96 % - protein
2-14% - carbohydrates

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4
Q

a screening tool in CC used to detect clinical conditions or different diseases

A

serum electrophoresis

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5
Q

In what region you can see immunoglobulin/antibodies - serum electrophoresis

A

Gamma region

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6
Q

What is the material we can use in serum electrophoresis

A
  • cellulose acetate
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7
Q

What is the recommended pH if we use cellulose acetate in alkaline?

A

8.6

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8
Q

What is the recommended pH if we use cellulose acetate in acidic?

A

6-6.3

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9
Q

Immunoglobulins play an essential role during _______ and in biological activities
related to immune response such as
_________

A
  • “Antigen
    recognition”
  • “opsonization” and “complement
    activation”
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10
Q

which pathway is connected in antibody dependent

A

classical pathway

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11
Q

which pathway is connected in antibody independent

A
  • alternative pathway
  • lectin
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12
Q

What is GAMED

A

IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD

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13
Q

The most abundant protein within the serum electrophoresis

A

Albumin

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14
Q

Slowest protein from serum electrophoresis

A

Beta globulin

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15
Q

What are the proteins under Alpha 1 globulin

A

alpha-1 antitrypsin and alpha
ketoproteins

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16
Q

What are the proteins under Alpha 2 globulin

A

ceruloplasmin,
haptoglobin, and alpha-2 macroglobulin.

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17
Q

What are the proteins under Beta globulin

A

transferrin, hemopexin,
complement system, fibrinogen and
lipoproteins.

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18
Q

What are the lipoproteins that we
have?

A

HDL (high density
lipoproteins), LDL (low density
lipoproteins), and VLDL (very lowdensity lipoproteins).

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19
Q

abnormal pattern in beta globulin

A

Beta gamma bridging

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20
Q

Beta gamma bridging is
associated with_____

A

liver cirrhosis.

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21
Q

spike pattern or toll-like spike in
the gamma regions

A

multiple myeloma

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22
Q

What is the protein in urine found in patients having multiple myeloma

A

bence jones proteins

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23
Q

bence jone proteins precipitate at ____ and they will dissolve in ____.

A
  • 60 C
  • 80 C
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24
Q

What are the 4 polypeptide chain in TETRAPEPTIDE STRUCTURE

A

two large chains
called heavy or H chains and two smaller chains called light or L chains

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25
Q

These chains are held together by noncovalent forces and ______

A

DISULFIDE BOND

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26
Q

Who described the Structure of Immunoglobulins

A

Gerald Edelman and Rodney Porter

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27
Q

DISULFIDE BOND also known as

A

DISULFIDE INTERCHANGE
BRIDGES

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28
Q

What does “S” mean in 7S

A

Svedberg unit

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29
Q

Edelman used _____ urea to unfold the molecule

A

7M or 7 molar

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30
Q

What is the reducing agent used to cleaved the exposed sulfhydryl bonds

A

2-mercapthoethanol or mercapthoethanol

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31
Q

What are the two separate fractions obtained in ultracentrifugation?

A
  • 3.5 Svedberg unit
  • 2.2 S
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32
Q

What is the molecular weight of 3.5 S?

A

50,000 daltons

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33
Q

What is the molecular weight of 2.2 S?

A

22,000 daltons

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34
Q

Gerald Edelman and Rodney porter won what award?

A

Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine in 1972

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35
Q

Papain digestion is associated with

A

Rodney Porter

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36
Q

used pepsin to obtain additional evidence for the structure of immunoglobulins

A

Alfred Nisonoff

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37
Q

have the ability in antigen-binding
capacity

A

Fab fragment

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38
Q

FAB fragment of papain digestion

A

composed of one light chain and 1/2 of heavy chain

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39
Q

FC fragment of papain digestion

A

two halves of heavy chain

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40
Q

Papain digestion composed of 3 fragments

A
  • 2 FAB
  • 1 FC
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41
Q

Pepsin composed of 2 fragments

A
  • 1 FAB
  • 1 FC
42
Q

FAB fragment of pepsin digestion

A

two light chains and two heavy
chains

43
Q

Variable region

A

FAB region

44
Q

Constant region

A

FC region carboxyl terminal

45
Q

IgG, IgA and IgD light chain

A

2 domain

46
Q

IgG, IgA and IgD heavy chain

A

4 domain

47
Q

IgE and IgM light chain

A

2 domain

48
Q

IgE and IgM heavy chain

A

5 domain

49
Q

not fully discovered until the discovery of an abnormal protein produce by patients with multiple myeloma

A

nature of light chain

50
Q

two main types of Light chains

A

kappa and lambda

51
Q

The first approximately 110 amino acids at the amino-terminal end constitute
the variable domain.

A

heavy chain

52
Q

Constant regions of the H chain are unique to each class and give each
immunoglobulin type its name

o IgG has a/an
o IgM has a/an
o IgE has a/an
o IgD has a/an
o IgA has a/an

A
  • GAMMA CHAIN (ɣ)
  • MU CHAIN (µ)
  • EPSILON CHAIN (ɛ)
  • DELTA CHAIN (ẟ)
  • ALPHA CHAIN (α)
53
Q

unique amino acid sequence that is
common to all types of immunoglobulin molecules, in a
given class and in a given species.

A

Isotype

54
Q

minor variation when
it comes to amino acid sequencing

A

Allotype

55
Q

variations when it comes to the
variable regions.

A

Idiotype

56
Q

Hinge region is compose of an amino acid _____.

A

PROLINE

57
Q

The segment of H chain located between the CH1 and CH2
regions is known as the hinge region.

A

Hinge region

58
Q

Immunoglobulin that has hinge region

A

IgG, IgD and IgA

59
Q

Ig that has no hinge region

A

IgE and IgM

60
Q

has 2 antigen binding sites

A

monomer

61
Q

has 4 antigen binding sites

A

dimer

62
Q

more than four antigen
binding sites

A

polymer or tetramer

63
Q

Example of polymer

A

IgM

64
Q

Example of monomer

A

IgG, IgD, IgE, serum IgA and IgM

65
Q

Example of dimer

A

IgA, secretory IgA

66
Q

most predominant immunoglobulin in humans

A

IgG

67
Q

4 major subclasses of immunoglobulin

A

IgG1, 67%; IgG2, 22 %;
IgG3, 7 %; and IgG4, 4 %

68
Q

The most efficient or most effective
immunoglobulin in activating
complement fixation

A

IgM

69
Q

All subclasses of IgG can cross the placenta except

A

IgG4

70
Q

Most efficient subclasses that can cross placenta

A

IgG1

71
Q

has the largest hinge region

A

IgG3

72
Q

IgM is known as a

A

macroglobulin

73
Q

The half-life of IgM is about

A

10 days

74
Q

Half-life of IgM in serum is

A

6 days

75
Q

The five monomeric units are held together by a

A

“J chain” or “joining chain”

76
Q

serves as a linkage point for the disulfide
bonds between two adjacent monomers

A

– IgM and IgA (Secretory IgA)

77
Q

Found also on the cell surface of B-cells.

A

IgM

78
Q

Considered as the most primitive
immunoglobulins

A

IgM

79
Q

we have a longer lag phase
which means it has no antibody production

A

primary response

80
Q

when specific host is exposed
again to the same antigen which has shorter lag period

A

secondary response

81
Q

Synthesized within the plasma cells and is found
mainly in the Mucosal Associated Lymphoid
Tissue (MALT) and is released in dimeric form

A

IgA

82
Q

Most of the IgD present is found on the surface of
immunocompetent but unstimulated B
lymphocytes

A

IgD

83
Q

secondary to IgM

A

IgD

84
Q

which has a molecular weight of about
70,000, is later attached to the FC region around the hinge portion of the
alpha chains

A

secretory component

85
Q

The least abundant immunoglobulin in the serum, accounting
for only 0.0005 percent of total serum immunoglobulins

A

IgE

86
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction

A

IgE

87
Q

Type2 hypersensitivity reaction

A

IgG or IgM (cytotoxic sensitivity)

88
Q

Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction

A

Immune complexes

89
Q

Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction

A

T-cells, delayed type

90
Q

Attempts to explain the specificity of antibodies for a
particular antigen began long before the actual structure of
immunoglobulins was discovered

A

Antibody diversity

91
Q

certain cells had specific
surface receptors for antigen that were present
before contact with antigen occurred.

A

Ehrlich theory

92
Q

The key premise is that individual lymphocytes are
genetically preprogrammed to produce one type of
immunoglobulin and that a specific antigen finds or
selects those particular cells capable of responding
to it, causing them to proliferate.

A

Clonal selection theory

93
Q

postulated clonal selection theory

A

Niels Jerne and Macfarlane Burnet

94
Q

Second major theory of antibody diversity in 1930’s

A

template theory

95
Q

discovered a technique
to produce antibody arising from a single B cell.

A

monoclonal antibody

96
Q

This specific antibody produced enters the circulation, while
antigen remains behind to direct further synthesis

A

template theory

97
Q

Who postulated monoclonal theory

A

George Kohler and Cesar Milstein

98
Q

One pathway, which builds DNA from degradation of old
nucleic acids, is blocked

A

Hybridoma production

99
Q

Myeloma cells lacks enzyme of

A

Hypoxanthine-Guanine
Phosphoribosyltransferase

100
Q

Who postulated template theory

A

Felix Haurowitz

IMSE LEC MIDTERM (2 decks)

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