Antibody Production and Vaccination Flashcards
What are antigens?
antigens are foreign molecules that trigger an
immune response.
What is the immune system able to distinguish?
The immune system is able to distinguish between foreign cells and
the “self” based on the molecules found on a cell’s surface.
What is zoonosis?
A zoonosis is a pathogen that has evolved to able to cross the
species barrier.
What does blood type A have?
Antibodies plasma in blood type B, A antigents in red blood cells
What does blood type B have?
Antibody plasma in blood type B, A antigens in red blood cells
What does blood type AB have?
No antibody plasma, AB antigens in red blood cells
What does blood type O have?
Anti-A and B in antibody plasma, no antigens
What are T Lymphocytes?
T lymphocytes have receptors that detect the antigen displayed
by the macrophage.
What are B Lymphocytes?
Activated T cells then activate corresponding B lymphocytes by
binding to them and by releasing signaling proteins. These B
cells are responsible for secreting antibodies.
What is clonal selection?
This rapid production of
antibody-specific B cells is called
clonal selection.
What are plasma cells?
Plasma cells are B cells that secrete large amounts of antibodies
during an immune response.
What are memory cells?
B cells that stay behind long after an infection
What is Opsonization?
Opsonization occurs when
antibodies bind to and mark a
pathogen for ingestion and
elimination by phagocytes.
What is Complement activation ?
Complement activation occurs when antibodies bind to a pathogen’s
surface and activates complement cascades.
What is Neutralization?
Some antibodies can neutralize a
pathogen by binding to it and preventing
its biological functions.
What is Agglutination?
Agglutination occurs when antibodies bind to pathogens and cause
them to clump together.
What is Histamine?
Histamine is a chemical released by white blood cells in response
to allergens or infections.
What is immunity?
Immunity refers to an
organism’s ability to resist an
infection or disease.
What are vaccines?
Vaccines are injections that contain weakened/killed pathogens.
What is smallpox?
Smallpox was an infectious viral
disease that resulted in 300-500
million deaths during the 20th
century.
What is Epidemiology?
Epidemiology is the study of the distribution & causes of diseases
in populations.
What are monoclonal antibodies?
Monoclonal antibodies are specific, purified antibodies that are
produced by cells cloned from a single parent cell.
