Antibiotics: Penicillins Flashcards
Early penicillins (penicillin G, penicillin V) spectrum:
GPC, GNC, MOUTH ANAEROBES.
Little activity against GNRs, BOWEL ANAEROBES, or Staph.
Vulnerable to beta-lactamases
Aminopenicillins (ampicillin, amoxicillin) spectrum:
GPC, mouth anaerobes, Listeria, and SOME GNRs (E. coli, H. flu). Little activity against Staph, bowel anaerobes.
Anti-staphylococcal penicillins (oxacillin, dicloxacillin) spectrum:
Only STAPHYLOCOCCUS (MSSA) and some STREPTOCOCCUS. No activity against anaerobes or GNRs. Resistant to penicillinases.
Anti-pseudomonal penicillins (piperacillin) spectrum:
PSEUDOMONAS, other GNRs, some GPC, anaerobes. Little activity against Staph aureus or enterococcus.
Probenicid and penicillins:
Probenicid inhibits renal active tubular secretion of penicillin.
Penicillin suspensions:
Procaine (lasts 1-2 days)
Benzathine (lasts 1-4 weeks)
Most pencillins are synergistic with ____ against: ____
Gentamicin, enterococcus
Serious side effect of methicillin:
Allergic interstitial nephritis
Augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid) spectrum:
Increased coverage against H. flu, N. gonorrhea, S. aureus.
Unasyn (ampicillin/sulbactam) spectrum:
Increased coverage against H. flu, S. aureus, E. coli, Klebsiella, bowel anaerobes.
Zosyn (piperacillin/tazobactam) spectrum:
Increased coverage against H. flu, S. aureus, Bacteroides, other GNRs.
Penicillin G indications:
Streptococcal pharyngitis/skin infections, pneumonia, meningitis, dental infections, syphilis, prevention of rheumatic fever
Ampicillin indications:
OTITIS MEDIA, neonatal sepsis, Lyme disease, simple UTIs, meningitis, URIs
Nafcillin indications:
MSSA infections (skin, soft tissue, bone, lung, endocarditis)
Piperacillin indications:
Pseudomonas infections, intra-abdominal infections, nosocomial pneumonia.
