Antibiotics module Flashcards
Which type of cell wall - gram positive or gram negative - contains large amounts of peptidoglycan?
Gram positive
How do penicillins work?
Inhibit cell wall synthesis
Are penicillins bacteriostatic or bactericidal?
Bactericidal
How are penicillins excreted?
Via the kidneys
Are penicillins safe in pregnancy?
Yes
Which antibiotic contains a beta-lactam ring in the nucleus?
Penecillins
Cephalosporins
Which bacteria is flucloxacillin useful for?
Staphylococci and streptococci only
Which antibiotic is the drug of choice in staph aureus infection?
Flucloxacillin
What is co-amoxiclav a combination of?
Amoxicillin and cluvulanic acid
What is cluvulanic acid?
A beta-lactamase inhibitor - acts on the beta-lactamase produced by bacteria
It does not have antibiotic properties of its own
Which antibiotics are cephalosporins?
Any antibiotic with “ceph” or “cef” in the name
How do cephalosporins work?
Prevent cross-linking between peptidoglycans in bacterial cell wall. Bind to the penicillin binding protein
Are cephalosporins bacteriostatic or bactericidal?
Bactericidal
Where are cephalosporins secreted?
Kidneys
Are cephalosporins safe in pregnancy?
Yes
Which antibiotics are glycopeptides?
Vancomycin
Teicoplanin
Are glycopeptides bacteriostatic or bactericidal?
Bactericidal
How does vancomycin prevent bacterial wall synthesis?
Binds into the growing chain to prevent cross-linking between peptidoglycans
In which form must glycopeptides be given?
IV - not absorbed orally
How are glycopeptides excreted?
Kidneys
Which kind of bacteria do glycopeptides have affect against?
Gram positive
NO anti gram negative activity