Antibiotics I

Question 0

Definition of an antibiotic

Answer 0

Chemical produced by one microbe that has the ability to harm other microbes

Question 1

Definition of Chemotherapy:

Answer 1

Use of drugs to kill or suppress growth of cells.

Question 2

Definition of selective toxicity

Answer 2

Ability of drug to injure target cells without injury to the host.

Question 3

Definition of bacteriostatic

Answer 3

at therapeutic doses suppresses bacterial cell proliferation but does not cause cell death

Question 4

Definition of bactericidal

Answer 4

at therapeutic doses causes direct bacterial cell death

Question 5

Innate resistance: Anaerobes are resistant to O2-dependent drugs which are

Answer 5

Aminoglycosides

Question 6

aerobes are resistant to __________ (requires enzymatic reduction in absence of O2).

Answer 6

metronidazole

Question 7

Non-penetration of lipophilic (______________) and high MW (___________) drugs through the outer membrane of G- bacteria

Answer 7

Standard penicillins, vancomycin

Question 8

Mechanisms of acquired resistance

Answer 8

Vertical transfer (spontaneous mutation), Horizontal transfer (conjugation). Antibiotics promote resistance by selective pressure

Question 9

Example of a superinfection

Answer 9

Clostridium difficile- associated diarrhea

Question 10

What class of drugs are at highest risk of causing Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea?How do you treat?

Answer 10

Clindamycin, ampicillin, cephalosporins, and FQ. Symptoms not treated by antidiarrheal agents. Treatment with metronidazole, vancomycin or fidaxomicin.

Question 11

85% of UTIs in sexually-active premenopausal women are due to E.coli and can be treated successfully in most cases with what?

Answer 11

co-trimoxazole

Question 12

Antibiotics whose dose should be reduced in patients with decreased kidney function

Answer 12

1) Amnoglycosides
2) Vancomycin
3) Cephalosporins (1st and 2nd gen)
4) Sulfonamides/Trimethoprim
5) Extended spectrum penicillins
6) Carbapenems
7) Ethambutol

Question 13

Antibiotics whose dose should be reduced in patients with decreased liver function

Answer 13

1) Clindamycin
2) Macrolides
3) Chloramphenicol
4) Tetracyclines
5) Metronidazole
6) Isoniazid
7) Rifampin

Question 14

T/F: Tetracycline is an example of some antibiotics that can cause maternal toxicity?

Answer 14

TRUE

Question 15

Most antibiotics are FDA Preganancy category B and C (mostly safe). What 2 drugs are category D?

Answer 15

Aminoglycosides and tetracyclines

Question 16

Placental transfer of antibiotics can occur and antibiotics can appear in breast milk. _____________ ototoxicity during fetal development. _____________-induced kernicterus in nursing infants

Answer 16

Aminoglycoside, Sulfonamide

Question 17

What classes of Antibiotics have the highest incidence of evoking sensitivity reactions?

Answer 17

Beta lactams, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, and erythromycin

Question 18

T/F: Gram positive bacteria retain purple color, have a thick peptidoglycan cell wall, and hydrophillic, and to a lesser extent, hydrophobic antibiotics can easily diffuse through this porous cell wall.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

T/F: Gram-negative bacteria appear pink, have thin cell wall, and the outer lipid membrane allows transport of many antibiotics

Answer 19

False: the outer lipid membrane hinders transport of many antibiotics

Question 20

List bactericidal agents (10)

Answer 20

1) Aminoglycosides
2) Beta lactams
3) Daptomycin
4) Fluoroquinolones
5) Isoniazid
6) Metronidazole
7) Polymyxins
8) Pyrazinamide
9) Rifampin
10) Vancomycin

Question 21

List bacteriostatic Agents (8)

Answer 21

1) Chloramphenicol
2) Clindamycin
3) Ethanmbutol
4) Macrolides
5) Oxazolidinones
6) Sulfonamides
7) Tetracyclines
8) Trimethoprim