Antibiotics, Antiviral, and Antifungal

Question 1

Cephalosporin

Answer 1

Blocks cross-linking (cell wall)

Question 2

Cycloserine

Answer 2

Inhibits 2 enzymes that make up peptide side chain of NAM (cell wall)

Question 3

Bacitracin

Answer 3

Binds to lipids carrier molecule (cell well)

Question 4

Penicillin

Answer 4

Block cross-linking (cell wall)

Question 5

Vancomycin

Answer 5

Blocks cross-linking (cell wall)

Question 6

Gramicidin

Answer 6

Forms a cation channel across cell membranes which disrupts membrane polarity (cell membrane)

Question 7

Polymyxin

Answer 7

Detergent action (cell membrane)

Question 8

Plantensimycin

Answer 8

Inhibits fatty acid synthesis (cell membrane)

Question 9

Metronidazole

Answer 9

Target anaerobes which have ferredoxin that reduces Metronidazole to a DNA damaging free radical form (DNA synthesis)

Question 10

Quinolones

Answer 10

Inhibits DNA synthesis by blocking the action of DNA gyrase, preventing the bacteria from regulating supercooling (DNA synthesis)

Question 11

Aminoglycosides (eg: streptomycin, gentamicin)

Answer 11

Inhibit translocation and cause misreading of mRNA (protein synthesis, 30s subunit)

Question 12

Tetracyclines (eg: doxycycline, minocycline)

Answer 12

Prevent aminoacyl-tRNA entry into the A site (protein synthesis, 30s subunit)

Question 13

Oxazolidinones (eg: linezolid)

Answer 13

Prevent 70s subunit formation (protein synthesis, 50s subunit)

Question 14

Macrolides (eg: erythromycin, azithromycin)

Answer 14

Prevent peptidyltransferase activity and translocation, movement of tRNA from A site to P site (protein synthesis, 50s subunit)

Question 15

Sulfonamides

Answer 15

Act to inhibit synthesis of nucleic acid by blocking folic acid formation (metabolism)

Question 16

Amantadine

Answer 16

Inhibitor of the M2 ion channel which prevents acidification of vision require for uncoating

Question 17

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and Zanamivir (Relenza)

Answer 17

Neuraminidase inhibitors that prevents influenza virus particles from leaving the cell

Question 18

Zidovudine and Acyclovir

Answer 18

Structural but nonfictional analogs of DNA nucleotides as they have no 3’ OH which another nucleotide can add, DNA chain elongation ceases

Question 19

Polyenes

Answer 19

Bind more strongly ergosterol

Question 20

Azoles

Answer 20

Interferes with ergosterol synthesis

Question 21

Allylamines

Answer 21

Interferes with ergosterol synthesis

Question 22

Echinocandins

Answer 22

Target B-glucans within the fungal cell wall

Question 23

Griseofulvin

Answer 23

Blocks cell division in fungi

Question 24

Flucytosine

Answer 24

Inhibits DNA synthesis

Question 25

Emtricitabine

Answer 25

Cytidine analog, reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Question 26

Enfuvirtide

Answer 26

Fusion inhibitor (prevents viral envelope fusion with host cell membrane)

Question 27

Maraviroc

Answer 27

Entry inhibitor (blocks spike protein binding to coreceptor CCR5)

Question 28

Nevirapine

Answer 28

Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (binds reverse transcriptase and inhibits activity)

Question 29

Raltegravir

Answer 29

Integrase strand transfer inhibitor (blocks integration of DNA genome copy into host cell genome)

Question 30

Ritonavir

Answer 30

Protease inhibitor (inhibits the protease PR, which cleaves initial protein to make final proteins)

Question 31

Tenofovir

Answer 31

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (base analog that halts elongation)