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YEAR 5: Microbiology and Infection AS > Antibiotics and classes > Flashcards

Antibiotics and classes Flashcards

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1
Q

benzylpenicillin

A

penicillin, beta-lactam. inhibits cell wall synthesis

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2
Q

ceftriaxone

A

third gen cephalosporin, b-lactam, inhibits cell wall synthesis

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3
Q

meropenem

A

carbapenem, b-lactam, inhibits cell wall synthesis

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4
Q

vancomycin

A

glycopeptide, inhibits cell wall synthesis

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5
Q

teicoplanin

A

glycopeptide, inhibits cell wall synthesis

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6
Q

gentamicin

A

aminoglycoside, inhibits protein synthesis

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7
Q

amikacin

A

aminoglycoside, inhibits protein synthesis

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8
Q

tobramycin

A

aminoglycoside, inhibits protein synthesis

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9
Q

clindamycin

A

macrolide, inhibits protein synthesis

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10
Q

doxycycline

A

tetracycline, inhibits protein synthesis

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11
Q

erythromycin

A

macrolide, inhibits protein synthesis

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12
Q

linezolid

A

oxazolidinone, inhibits protein synthesis

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13
Q

aztreonam

A

monobactam, inhibits cell wall synthesis

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14
Q

chloramphenicol

A

tetracycline, inhibits protein synthesis

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15
Q

ciprofloxacin

A

fluoroquinolone, inhibits DNA synthesis

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16
Q

metronidazole

A

nitroimidazole, inhibits DNA synthesis

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17
Q

nitrofurantoin

A

nitroimidazole, inhibits DNA synthesis

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18
Q

rifampicin

A

rifamycin, inhibits RNA synthesis

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19
Q

colistin

A

polymyxin, cell membrane toxin

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20
Q

daptomycin

A

cyclic lipopeptide, cell membrane toxin

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21
Q

sulphamethoxazole

A

sulfonamide, inhibits folate metabolism

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22
Q

trimethoprim

A

diaminopyrinimidine, inhibits folate metabolism

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23
Q

cephalexin

A

1st gen cephalosporin, b-lactam, inhibits cell wall synthesis

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24
Q

cefuroxime

A

2nd gen cephalosporin, b-lactam, inhibits cell wall synthesis

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25
Q

ceftazidime

A

3rd gen cephalosporin, b-lactam, inhibits cell wall synthesis

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26
Q

cefotaxime

A

3rd gen cephalosporin, b-lactam, inhibits cell wall synthesis

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27
Q

name 4 penicillins

A

penicillin
amoxicillin
flucloxacillin
piperacillin

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28
Q

imipenem

A

carbapenem, b-lactam, inhibits cell wall synthesis

29
Q

ertapenem

A

carbapenem, b-lactam, inhibits cell wall synthesis

30
Q

name 3 aminoglycosides

A

gentamicin
tobramycin
amikacin

31
Q

name 2 tetracyclines

A

doxycycline
lymecycline

32
Q

azithromycin

A

macrolide, inhibits protein synthesis

33
Q

clarithromycin

A

macrolide, inhibits protein synthesis

34
Q

levofloxacin

A

fluoroquinolone, inhibits DNA synthesis

35
Q

moxifloxacin

A

fluoroquinolone, inhibits DNA synthesis

36
Q

name a second gen cephalosporin

A

cefuroxime

37
Q

what is co-trimoxazole

A

sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim combined

38
Q

name 3 3rd gen cephalosporins

A

ceftriaxone
ceftazidime
cefotaxime

39
Q

c.diff infection treatment

A

vancomycin- poor absorption so remains in the gut

40
Q

what bacteria is penicillin effective against

A

gram +ve- strep

41
Q

what coverage does amoxicillin give

A

more broad spectrum, gram +ve and enterococci

42
Q

side effects of aminoglycosides

A

ototoxic
nephrotoxic

43
Q

side effects of tetracyclines

A

teratogenic

44
Q

choice of antibiotics in pen-allergic patients

A

macrolides i.e. erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin

45
Q

side effects of chloramphenicol

A

aplastic anaemia

46
Q

coverage of macrolides

A

mainly gram +ve

47
Q

coverage of linezolid

A

gram +ve

48
Q

side effect of colistin

A

no oral absorption
nephrotoxic
polymyxin, cell membrane toxin

49
Q

coverage of colistin

A

gram -ve

50
Q

coverage of daptomycin

A

gram +ve, MRSA, VRE
cyclic lipopeptide, cell membrane toxin

51
Q

HAI treatment of skin infection caused by S.aureus

A

flucloxacillin unless allergy

52
Q

CAP treatment in hospital

A

mild: amoxicillin
severe: co-amoxiclav + clarithromycin for atypicals

53
Q

HAP treatment

A

amoxicillin + gentamicin or tazocin

54
Q

bacterial meningitis treatment

A

ceftriaxone (add amoxicillin for listeria if young)

55
Q

UTI treatment in community

A

trimethoprim / nitrofurantoin for 3 days

56
Q

HAI UTI treatment

A

co-amoxiclav or cephalexin

57
Q

sepsis treatment

A

tazocin/ ceftriaxone
metronidazole +/- gentamicin

58
Q

neutropenic sepsis treatment

A

tazocin + gentamicin

59
Q

c.diff colitis

A

vancomycin

60
Q

3 antibiotics associated with causing c.diff

A

cephalosporins
clindamycin
ciprofloxacin

61
Q

common causative agents of surgical site infection

A

MRSA
coagulase -ve Staph

62
Q

severe causes of bacteraemia in hospital

A

MRSA
coagulase -ve Staph
E.Coli

63
Q

coverage of fluoroquinolones

A

broad spectrum- gram +ve, gram -ve, good oral absorption

64
Q

what organisms are nitroimidazoles useful against

A

anaerobes
protozoa

65
Q

how is rifampicin cleared

A

hepatic excretion

66
Q

chlamydia treatment

A

doxycycline

67
Q

salmonella treatment

A

azithromycin (usually not necessary)

68
Q

agents effective against pseudomonas

A

gentamicin
tobramycin

69
Q

campylobacter treatment in adults

A

clarithromycin

YEAR 5: Microbiology and Infection AS (25 decks)

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