Antibiotics Affecting Protein Synthesis Flashcards
what is the therapeutic outcome of tetracyclines?
bacteriostatic by inihibiting bacterial protein synthesis
BROAD SPECTRUM - remember this increases the risk for super infections
what are some contraindications for tetracyclines?
Pregnancy (cat D) and lactation - affects developing bones (slows and deforms) and teeth (causes yellow/brown stains which is permanent)
Children younger than 8 - damages developing bones and teeth
What are some adverse effects of tetracyclines?
GI effects - n/v, cramping, ESOPHAGEAL ULCERATIONS
hepatotoxic
suprainfections - AAPMC, oral, vaginal
Photosensitivity
decreased effectiveness of oral contraceptives
What are some nursing considerations/patient teaching points for tetracyclines?
monitor and report GI symptoms
tell patient to avoid taking it at bedtime and avoid lying down a lot to reduce ulcerations
give doxycycline WITH meals - it is particularly harmful GI wise
hepatotoxicity is usually in higher doses
protect yourself from sun
watch out for AAPMC, oral, and vaginal suprainfections
All the usual patient teaching for antibiotics as well!!!
Should tetracyclines be given on an empty stomach?
YES YES YES
except for doxycycline
should tetracyclines be avoided in children and pregnancy?
YES YES YES
What are some things that decrease the absorption of tetracyclines?
antacids
MOM
milk products
What is the therapeutic outcome of macrolides?
bacteriostatic by inhibiting protein synthesis?
What are some nursing considerations/adverse effects for macrolides?
GI effects (n/v) - take with meals
hepatotoxicity - monitor liver function if taking for longer than 1-2 weeks
prolonged QT interval (dysrhythmmias/sudden death) - avoid in patients with history of prolonged QT intervals
ototoxicity with high doses
What are is the main patient teaching point for macrolides other than the usual?
take on an empty stomach if possible
when is this medication commonly used?
When some has a penicillin allergy because they both act on similar bacteria.
What is the therapeutic outcome of aminoglycosides?
bacteriocidal by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis
reserved for serious infections by gram-negative bacteria
What are the big considerations for aminoglycoside?
pregnancy cat D
renal black box warning
hearing loss black box warning
What are some nursing considerations/adverse effects for aminoglycosides?
nephrotoxicity - monitor and report
hearing loss (ototoxic) - monitor for ringing in the ear, HA, dizziness, vertigo; stop administration and notify physician
neurologic (numbness, tingling, weakness, optic nerve dysfunction (visual changes) - monitor and report
hypersensitivity - report any signs of allergic reaction (rash/urticaria)
What would we specifically want to monitor when using aminoglycoside therapy, besides renal function?
peaks and troughs
Peak - 30 minutes after administration
trough - right before next dose
WE WOULD DRAW LEVELS AT THESE TIMES TO SEE IF THE PEAK LEVEL IS WITHIN THERAPEUTIC RANGE AND TO ALSO SEE IF THE TROUGH IS STILL IN THERAPEUTIC RANGE.
