Antibiotics Flashcards
Penicillin (Beta-lactam)
(ANTIBACTERIAL) ✩ Penicillin notatum Mode of Action: Inhibits cell wall synthesis - Narrow spectrum - Targets gram + bacteria ---------------------------------------- Side Effects/Toxicities/Other: ━━━━━━━━━━━━ ↣ Development of resistant strains. ↣ B-lactam allergy
Cephalosporins (Beta-lactam)
(ANTIBACTERIAL) ✩ Cephalosporium spp. Mode of Action: Inhibits cell wall synthesis - Resistant to beta-lactamase - Broad spectrum (+,-) ---------------------------------------- 1st Gen: Mostly Gram + 2nd Gen: Some Gram - and some + 3rd Gen: Some Gram - and +, Pseudomonas ---------------------------------------- Side Effects/Toxicities/Other: ━━━━━━━━━━━━ ↣ Development of resistant strains.
Carbapenems (Beta-lactam)
(ANTIBACTERIAL) Mode of Action: Inhibits cell wall synthesis - Broad spectrum - Modified Beta-Lactam - Power over 9000! ---------------------------------------- Side Effects/Toxicities/Other: ━━━━━━━━━━━━ ↣ Given only through parenteral route ↣ Extremely broad spectrum (LAST RESORT)
Vancomycin (Non Beta-lactam)
(ANTIBACTERIAL) Mode of Action: Inhibits cell wall synthesis - Narrow spectrum, gram + only - Targets MRSA ---------------------------------------- Side Effects/Toxicities/Other: ━━━━━━━━━━━━ ↣ Development of resistant strains. (VRSA) ↣ Administered through an IV
Bacitracin (Non Beta-lactam)
(ANTIBACTERIAL) Mode of Action: Inhibits cell wall synthesis - Narrow spectrum - Targets gram + bacteria ---------------------------------------- Side Effects/Toxicities/Other: ━━━━━━━━━━━━ ↣ Topical application ONLY (Neosporin)
Isoniazid (Anti-Mycobacterial)
(ANTIBACTERIAL) Mode of Action: Inhibits synthesis of mycolic acid, prevents bacteria from making the acid. ---------------------------------------- Side Effects/Toxicities/Other: ━━━━━━━━━━━━
Ethambutol (Anti-Mycobacterial)
(ANTIBACTERIAL) Mode of Action: Inhibits synthesis of mycolic acid, prevents mycolic acids from forming on bacterial cell wall. ---------------------------------------- Side Effects/Toxicities/Other: ━━━━━━━━━━━━
Polymyxin B
(ANTIBACTERIAL) Mode of Action: Pokes holes into the cell wall. Leads to lysing of a cell. - Used topically - Targets Gram (-) bacteria ---------------------------------------- Side Effects/Toxicities/Other: ━━━━━━━━━━━━
Aminoglycosides
(ANTIBACTERIAL)
Mode of Action: Inhibits protein synthesis by blocking the ribosome
- Used mostly against gram negative and some gram
positives
-
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Side Effects/Toxicities/Other:
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↣ Ototoxicity (hearing loss), nephrotoxicity (Kidney failure)
Macrolides (Erythromycin)
(ANTIBACTERIAL)
Mode of Action: Inhibits protein synthesis by blocking the ribosome
- Used mostly against gram positive
- Used to treat legionnaire’s disease and atypical
pneumonia
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Side Effects/Toxicities/Other:
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↣ Used as a substitute of penicillin (Non allergenic)
Chloramphenicol
(ANTIBACTERIAL) Mode of Action: Inhibits protein synthesis by blocking the ribosome - Broad spectrum - Used in late stages of meningitis ---------------------------------------- Side Effects/Toxicities/Other: ━━━━━━━━━━━━ ↣ Rarely used, toxic to children (aplastic anemia) ↣ Bone marrow loss (aplastic anemia)
Clindamycin
(ANTIBACTERIAL)
Mode of Action: Inhibits protein synthesis by blocking the ribosome
- VERY broad spectrum
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Side Effects/Toxicities/Other:
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↣ Too much can give a patient C-diff
(Pseudomembranous colitis)
↣ uh oh stinkyTetracyclines
(ANTIBACTERIAL) Mode of Action: Inhibits protein synthesis by blocking the ribosome - Broad spectrum ---------------------------------------- Side Effects/Toxicities/Other: ━━━━━━━━━━━━ ↣ Kills normal flora, interferes with bone development, turns teeth gray ↣ Used to treat acne
Streptogramins (For VRSA)
(ANTIBACTERIAL) Mode of Action: Inhibits protein synthesis by blocking the ribosome - Broad spectrum ---------------------------------------- Side Effects/Toxicities/Other: ━━━━━━━━━━━━ ↣ Kills normal flora, interferes with bone development, turns teeth gray ↣ Used to treat acne
Oxazolidinones (For VRSA)
(ANTIBACTERIAL) Mode of Action: Inhibits protein synthesis by blocking the ribosome - Completely synthetic - Affective only against gram + ---------------------------------------- Side Effects/Toxicities/Other: ━━━━━━━━━━━━
Sulfa Drugs
(ANTIBACTERIAL)
Mode of Action: Antimetabolite (Inhibits folic acid production)
- Completely synthetic
- Competes with bacterial enzymes to block active sites.
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Side Effects/Toxicities/Other:
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↣ Trimethoprim + Sulfa drugs = Winnin’
↣ Used for UTIs and Pneumocystis pneumonia
Quinolones (Ciprofloxicin)
(ANTIBACTERIAL)
Mode of Action: Blocks DNA gyrase
- Typically targets Gram (+) cocci and gram (-) bacteria.
- Broad spectrum
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Side Effects/Toxicities/Other:
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↣ Inhibits cartilage development (Not for
babies/pregnant women)Rifampin
(ANTIBACTERIAL)
Mode of Action: Inhibits transcription (RNA polymerase)
- Targets Tuberculosis
- Can penetrate tissue, used to kill Neisseria
(meningitis)
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Side Effects/Toxicities/Other:
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↣ Used in combination with isoniazid and ethambutol
to kill TB (mycobacterium tuberculosis)
↣ Red Man Syndrome
Anti-TB Drugs
- Isoniazid
- Ethambutol
- Rifampin
- Streptomycin
Acyclovir
(ANTIVIRAL) Mode of Action: Base analog - Targets Herpes Simplex Virus, and Varicella ---------------------------------------- Side Effects/Toxicities/Other: ━━━━━━━━━━━━
AZT
(ANTIVIRAL) Mode of Action: Inhibits reverse transcriptase, base analog - Targets HIV - Retroviral infections ---------------------------------------- Side Effects/Toxicities/Other: ━━━━━━━━━━━━
Amantadine
(ANTIVIRAL) Mode of Action: Blocks viral uncoating - Targets Influenza ---------------------------------------- Side Effects/Toxicities/Other: ━━━━━━━━━━━━
Protease Inhibitors
(ANTIVIRAL) Mode of Action: Blocks viral uncoating - Targets HIV ---------------------------------------- Side Effects/Toxicities/Other: ━━━━━━━━━━━━
Interferon
(ANTIVIRAL)
- Only created by a cell that has successfully beat an
infection
- Targets Hep. C
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Side Effects/Toxicities/Other:
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(ANTIVIRAL) Mode of Action: Neuraminidase Inhibitor - Targets Influenza ---------------------------------------- Side Effects/Toxicities/Other: ━━━━━━━━━━━━
Metronidazole
(ANTI-PROTOZOAN)
Mode of Action: Prevents replication/transcription
- Targets mainly anaerobic protozoa, and some
bacteria
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Side Effects/Toxicities/Other:
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Chloroquine
(ANTI-PROTOZOAN) Mode of Action: N/A - Targets Plasmodium Vivax ---------------------------------------- Side Effects/Toxicities/Other: ━━━━━━━━━━━━
Amphotericin B
(ANTI-FUNGAL) Mode of Action: Binds to Ergosterol - Targets systemic fungal infections - Parenteral application ---------------------------------------- Side Effects/Toxicities/Other: ━━━━━━━━━━━━ ↣ Kidney toxicity
Miconazole (Imidazole)
(ANTI-FUNGAL) Mode of Action: Prevents the synthesis of Ergosterol - Targets fungal skin infections - Applied topically ---------------------------------------- Side Effects/Toxicities/Other: ━━━━━━━━━━━━
Terbinafine
(ANTI-FUNGAL) Mode of Action: Prevents the synthesis of Ergosterol - Targets nail fungus ---------------------------------------- Side Effects/Toxicities/Other: ━━━━━━━━━━━━
Nystatin
(ANTI-FUNGAL) Mode of Action: Degrades cell membranes - Oral application ---------------------------------------- Side Effects/Toxicities/Other: ━━━━━━━━━━━━
Echinocandins
(ANTI-FUNGAL) Mode of Action: Disrupts cell wall synthesis - Targets Systemic fungal infections ---------------------------------------- Side Effects/Toxicities/Other: ━━━━━━━━━━━━
Griseofulvin
(ANTI-FUNGAL) Mode of Action: Disrupts cell division - Targets Skin fungal infections ---------------------------------------- Side Effects/Toxicities/Other: ━━━━━━━━━━━━
