Antibiotics Flashcards

Question

Cephalosporin gen 1 use

Answer 1

Used for skin and soft tissue infections Active against gram-positive S.aureus and s.epidermidis

Answer 2

Active against s.aureus, s.epidermis, proteus, e.coli

Answer 3

Used for broader spectrum | More active against gram negative

Answer 4

Resistant to beta-lactamase | Primary active against gram positive

Answer 5

Aminoglycosides - risk of ototoxicity and neurotoxicity | Cholestyramine binds Vanco - needs to be given several hours apart

Answer 6

``` Reversibly binds 50s Inactivated by acid Typically bacteriostatic Cross resistance with penicillin Given to people with allergies to penicillin No beta-lactam ring ```

Answer 7

``` Most important Macrolide Bactericidal at high concentrations Used for: mycoplasm, Chlamydia, upper resp infection,sinusitis, otitis, pertussis Poor CSF penetration Pregnancy B ```

Answer 8

``` Prolong QT interval Clarithromycin CCr <30mL/mob requires dosing to be cut in half Pregnancy: Clarithromycin class C Safe in lactation Safe in >6 months old child GI upset Severe explosive diarrhea Cholesteric hepatitis ``` Dx/Dx interactions: colochicine, warfarin,dig

Answer 9

Lincosamides

Answer 10

``` Asthma or severe allergies Severe renal or liver impairment Pregnancy B, present in breast milk, used in severe childhood infections GI upset C.diff ```

Answer 11

Pregnancy C - excreted in milk. Approved for children at birth Indicated for MRSA and VRE HTN: caution with sympathomimetics, vasopressors Dopamine adrenegics, ADD, and anti seizure drugs SSRI, tricyclics antidepressants, buspirone, methadone, tramadol Can’t use within 2 weeks of MAOI

Answer 12

``` Myelosuppression Peripheral neuropathy Serotonin Syndrome GI upset Fever ```

Answer 13

30s subunits

Answer 14

Chlamydia Mycoplasma pneumonia Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Lyme disease, nongonococcal urethritis Acne

Answer 15

No dairy, decreases absorption d/t calcium Impaired by certain foods Best taken on empty stomach (2 hours before/after meal) Do not take with electrolytes Pregnancy D - Passes into placenta and breast milk Discoloration teeth in children under 8 Causes damage to tooth enamel Used for acne

Answer 16

``` Hypersensitivity Superinfection GI disturbances Maculopapular Rash (amoxicillin and mono) Changes in renal function ```

Answer 17

``` Suppressed protein synthesis Gram positive Bacteriostatic Metabolized in liver Highly protein bound ```

Answer 18

Statins | Theophylline, benzodiazepines, colchicine, dig, warfarin

Answer 19

Tetracyclines specifically doxycycline

Answer 20

PNA Complicated skin infections Vanco-resistant enterococcus

Answer 21

Cipro: impaired absorption with dairy Norfloxacin: best on empty stomach Food doesn’t affect distribution

Answer 22

``` Renal dysfunction can increase 1/2 life Pre-existing QT prolongation Seizures or other CNS disorders Elderly: increased risk for tendon rupture Pregnancy C and avoid lactating mothers Not recommended in kids <18 ```

Answer 23

``` GI upset CNS confusion dizziness mood change Dysthymias serious side effect Can effect blood sugar Superinfection Skin Photo toxicity ```

Answer 24

100% bioavailability Give with food CNS and most tissues distributed Hepatic metabolism (30-60%)

Answer 25

``` Hx of seizures or other neuro disorders Blood dyscrasias Severe hepatic dysfunction Renal disease Pregnancy B Extreme caution with lactation ```

Answer 26

Antacids - interfere with absorption Can increase or decrease glucose Can prolong QT when given in combo with Amiodarone orpace quinidine sotalol Glucocorticoids increase risk of tendon rupture Warfarin - increased anticoagulation

Answer 27

``` Trichomonas vaginal infections Giardia infections C.difficile infections Bacterial vaginosis Amebiasis dysentery H.pylori duodenal infection ```

Answer 28

CYP450 inhibitor (cimetidine) CYP450 inducer (phenytoin) Warfarin Lithium - increases lithium level

Answer 29

Don’t affect microorganisms that don’t synthesize folic acid Inhibit bacterial synthesis of folic acid Alternative to penicillin Broad spectrum 95% effective against e.coli Bacteriostatic Pregnancy C Skin rash and itching Caution: G6PD deficiency bone marrow issues renal insufficiency or stones. Folate deficiency

Answer 30

``` Antibacterial agent that interferes with bacterial folic acid synthesis (similar to Sulfonamides) Requires increased fluid intake Readily absorbed First pass through liver Bactericidal when combined with sulfa drug <20% hepatic metabolism Used in UTI s Hyperkalemia ```

Answer 31

``` Inhibits protein, dna/rna and cell wall synthesis. Aerobic metabolism Good with UTI Body tissue metabolism Peripheral neuropathy ```

Answer 32

``` Cyclosporine Methotrexate Probenicid Uricosurics Indomethacin Thiazides diuretic Warfarin ```

Answer 33

Antichinergics | Probenicid

Answer 34

ACE and ARBs increased risk of hyperkalemia | Phenytoin

Answer 35

``` Antineoplastics Bromocriptine Cyclophosphamide Cyclosporine Ergotamine Lithium Methotrexate Radio pharmaceuticals ```

Answer 36

``` Anti arrhythmic Anti anxiety Anticholinergics Anticonvulsants Antidepressants Antihistamines Antihypertensives Antipsychotics and antispasmodic ```

Answer 37

``` Barbituates Benzos Belladonna Blockers B-lactams ```

Answer 38

Aminoglycosides Quinolones, sulfonylureas (hypoglycemia, remind PT to eat) Cholinesterase inhibitors (interact with P450 inhibitors) Inotropics (dig, CNS cause dizziness and anorexia) Tylenol and NSAIDS can cause fluid retention and GI bleeds

Answer 39

Increasing urine output, decreasing fluid volume