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Antibiotics > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

First generation cephalosporins are active against:

A

gram positive cocci

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2
Q

How does vancomycin work?

A

Inhibits transpeptidases

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3
Q

What are the three types of beta lactam drugs?

A
  1. Penicillins
  2. cephalosporins
  3. carbapenems (structurally different)
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4
Q

Which drugs block the 30S ribosomal unit?

A

Aminoglycosides and tetracyclines

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5
Q

Which drugs block the 50S subunit?

A

chloramphenicol, erythromycin, clindamycin, linezolid

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6
Q

How does the mechanism of action differ between aminoglycosides and tetracyclines?

A

Aminoglycosides bind directly to the 30S subunit. Tetracyclins block the binding of aminoacyl t-RNA

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7
Q

How does chloramphenicol work? What is a side effect?

A

Blocks peptidyl transferase, preventing protein synthesis–bacteriostatic. Can cause bone marrow suppression

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8
Q

How does erythromycin work?

A

Blocks the release of t-RNA

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9
Q

Which drugs are in the macrolide family?

A

azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin

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10
Q

How does clindamycin work?

A

Biinds to the same site as erythromycin to block release of the tRNA.

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11
Q

What is a serious side effect of clindamycin?

A

Predisposes patients to C difficile

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12
Q

Mechanism of action of sulfonamides and trimethoprim

A

Inhibition of nucleotide synthesis by blocking dihydrofolate reductase

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13
Q

Mechanism of action of quinolone

A

Inhibits DNA synthesis by blocking DNA gyrase

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14
Q

Mechanism of action for rifampin

A

Inhibits RNA synthesis by blocking the RNA polymerase

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15
Q

When is vancomycin used?

A

As a last resort against MRSA

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16
Q

Aminoglycosides=bacteriocidal or static?

A

Bactericidal. Mechanism of action not fully known, though thought to interfere with protein synthesis and cell wall integrity

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17
Q

Tetracycline=bactericidal or static?

A

static

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18
Q

chloramphenicol=bactericidal or static?

A

Both

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19
Q

Erythromycin=bactericidal or static?

A

static

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20
Q

Clindamycin=bactericidal or static?

A

static

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21
Q

Name several aminoglycosides

A

streptomycin
gentamicin
Neomycin

22
Q

How do aminoglycosides work?

A

inhibition of initiation complex and misreading of messenger RNA

23
Q

Aminopenicillins treat:

A

gram positive enterococcus and gram negative bacteria

24
Q

Which two antibiotics are administered together to provide broad gram negative coverage?

A

ampicillin and gentamicin

25
Q

Name the penicillinase resistant antibiotics:

A

methicillin, Nafcillin, Oxacillin (I MET a NAsty Ox)

26
Q

Which penicillins can be used to treat pseudomonas?

A

ticarcillin and carbenicillin (carboxypenicillins)

Mezlocillin and peperacillin (ureidopenicillins)

27
Q

What do beta-lactamase inhibitors do? Name them.

A

Beta lactamase inhibitors prevent beta lactamase from degrading the antibiotic, protecting them.
Clavulonic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam

28
Q

What advantage do cephalosporins have over penicillins?

A

Resistance to beta lactamases and can be used on penicillin resistant bacteria

29
Q

What bacteria remain resistant to cephalosporins?

A

MRSA and enterocci

30
Q

Which cephalosporins are effective against pseudomonas?

A

ceftazidime, cefoperazone, cefepime (TAZ, FOP, FEP)

31
Q

Which antibiotics can kill MRSA?

A

Vancomycin

32
Q

What is imipenem NOT able to kill?

A

MRSA, pseudomonas, mycoplasma

33
Q

What do you need to coadminster imipenem with?

A

cilastin. This is to protect renal degradation of the antibiotic.

34
Q

What does aztreonam kill?

A

Gram negative aerobic bacteria (including pseudomonas)

35
Q

Which antibiotics inhibit the 50S subunits?

A

clindamycin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and linezolid

36
Q

Which antibiotics inhibit the 30S subunit?

A

Tetracycline and aminoglycosides

37
Q

What does chloramphenicol kill?

A

Gram positive, gram negative and anaerobic bacteria. Very effective

38
Q

What are the side effects of chloramphenicol?

A

aplastic anemia and gray baby syndrome

39
Q

What do you use clindamycin for?

A

anaerobic interactions, gram + bacteria

40
Q

What is the issue with administering clindamycin?

A

C difficile interactions

41
Q

What would you treat C difficile with?

A

Vancomycin

42
Q

Erythromycin treats:

A

Gram positive organisms

43
Q

What are the side effects of erythromycin?

A

GI discomfort, rare hepatitis. Overall, a very good safety profile

44
Q

Aminoglycosides kill:

A

gram negative including pseudomonas

45
Q

What are the side effects of aminoglycosides?

A

renal toxicity, vertico, hearing loss

46
Q

What is a side effect of tetracycline?

A

discolored teeth

47
Q

What is the mechanism of action for fluoroquinones?

A

DNA gyrase

48
Q

What antibiotic covers all gram negative bugs?

A

Aztrenam

49
Q

How does vancomycin work?

A

Also attacks the cell wall, but by complexing with D alanine-Dalanine

50
Q

How is vancomycin administered?

A

Through IV

51
Q

What can you use to treat a systemic fungal infection?

A

amphotericin

52
Q

What is the problem with amphotericin?

A

Severe side effects including renal toxicity, severe anemia

Antibiotics (2 decks)

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