Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Clerkship > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

GAS

A

Penicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Strep pneumo

A

Amoxicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Complicated URTI

A

Amoxicillin-clavulanate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A

Cause of meningitis

Ampicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

General good gram + coverage

A

Pip-Tazo, Vanco, Carbapenems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

MSSA

A

Cloxacillin (or Cefazolin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

MRSA

A

Vancomycin, Linezolid, Daptomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

VRE

A

Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci

Linezolid, Daptomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

PO gram - coverage

A

Cipro
Septra
Amox-clav
Cephalexin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

IV gram - coverage

A

Ceftriaxone
Gentamicin/tobramycin
Pip-Tazo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

1st generation cephalosporins

A 
Cephalexin (Keflex PO)  
Cefazolin (Ancef IV)
Basic gram + (MSSA, GAS)
Gram -: PEcK = Proteus, E.Coli, Klebsiella
Clinical use: SSTI, pre-op prophylaxis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

2nd generation cephalosporins

A 
Cefuroxime PO and IV  
Cefoxitin IV 
Basic gram + 
Gram -: PEcK + H. Influenzae 
Clinical use: URTI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

3rd generation cephalosporins

A 
Ceftriaxone IV
Ceftazidime PO 
Cefixime PO
Basic gram +
Big gun gram - 
Clinical use: Inpt CAP (first line), GI, pyelonephritis/UTI, meningitis, gonorrhoea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

4th generation cephalosporins

A

Cefipime IV
Gram+/-
Not used very much

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

3 types of carbapenems

A

Imipenem IV
Ertapenem IV
Meropenem IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Carbapenem with no pseudomonas coverage

A

Ertapenem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Carbapenem coverage and clinical use

A

General gram +/-, including pseudomonas
Anaerobes
Pseudomonas, sepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Beta-lactam MOA

A

Cell well inhibitors by preventing cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Glycopeptides

A

Cell wall inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Main glycopeptide

A

Vancomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Vancomycin

A

Glycopeptide
PO/IV
Gram +
Clinical use: MRSA, C. diff (PO), Meningitis, pts with penicillin allergy
MEASURE TROUGH LEVELS (increase/decrease frequency accordingly)
Risks - renal, red man syndrome, cytopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cyclic lipopeptide

A

Cell membrane depolarizer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Main cyclic lipopeptide

A

Daptomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Daptomycin

A

Cyclic lipopeptide
IV
Gram + (Vanco backup)
Clinical use: VRE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
2 types of 30s ribosomal subunit inhibitor
Aminoglycosides | Tetracyclines
26
4 types of aminoglycosides
``` 30s ribosomal subunit inhibitors: Gentamicin Streptomycin Tobramycin Amikacin ```
27
Aminoglycosides
Gram - MSSA NO anaerobes Tobra - Pseudomonas Clinical use: UTI/pyelonephritis (if no other choices), pseudomonas Synergy: Gentamicin + penicillin for enterococcus, viridian's Toxicity: Nephro, oto, vestibulotoxicity a/w tobramycin
28
2 types of tetracyclines
Doxycycline | Minocycline
29
Abx C/I in pregnant women and children = 8y.o.
Tetracyclines
30
Tetracyclines
PO Gram +/- Atypicals Clinical use: Atypical pneumonias, STI (chlamydia), tick/lyme dz, community MRSA
31
3 types of 50s Ribosomal Subunit Inhibitors
1. Macrolides 2. Lincosamides 3. Oxazolidinones
32
3 types of Macrolides
Azithromycin CLarithromycin Erythromycin
33
Azithromycin
Gram+/- Atypicals Clinical uses: Atypical pneumonia, H. pylori, STI (Chlamydia), MAC, traveller's diarrhea (campylobacter)
34
Main type of Lincosamide
Clindamycin
35
Clindamycin
Gram + Anaerobes Clinical uses: Anaerobes above diaphragm (dental infections, lung abscess), cellulitis (MSSA, GAS) Special note - A/W C.diff
36
Oxazolidinones
Linezolid Gram + (MRSA, VRE) Clinical ise: SSTI, UTI, RTI
37
Fluoroquinolone MOA
Nucleic acid inhibitor
38
3 types of fluoroquinolones
Ciprofloxacin Moxifloxacin Levofloxacin
39
Cipro
``` Route: PO/IV Main spectrum of activity o Gram – o Pseudomonas Key clinical uses o UTI o Wound infections o Intrabdominal infections ```
40
Moxi
``` Route: PO/IV Main spectrum of activity o Gram – o No pseudomonas o Atypical gram + Key clinical uses o URTI/CAP ```
41
Levo
``` Route: PO/IV Main spectrum of activity o Gram – o No pseudomonas o Atypical gram + Key clinical uses o URTI/CAP ```
42
Nitromidazole MOA and main type
Nucleic acid inhibitor | Metronidazole
43
Metronidazole
PO/IV Anaerobes Mild C.diff (GI), anaerobic infections below diaphragm) Special notes: avoid EtOH
44
Rifampin MOA
Nucleic acid inhibitor
45
Rifampin
``` PO Gram + Mycobacteria (TB) Clinical use: TB, gram+ biofilm Special notes: Turns body fluids orange, a/w hepatitis ```
46
Nitrofurantoin MOA
Nucleic acid inhibitor
47
Nitrofurantoin
PO Gram - Enterococcus 1st line for uncomplicated cystitis
48
Sulpha abx MOA
Folic acid inhibition
49
Main sulpha drug
TMP-SMX
50
TMP-SMX
Septra PO/IV Gram+ and some gram - Clinical use: Gram - UTIs, MRSA community (not 1st line) PJP
51
IV penicillin
Pen G
52
PO penicillin
Pen V or K
53
IM penicillin
Benzathine penicillin
54
Syphillis tx
IM penicillin | IV penicillin if neurosyphilis
55
Main micro in outpt resp infections
``` S. pneumo H. influenza Moraxella Klebsiella E. Coli Mycoplasma CHalmydia (Legionella) ```
56
Main antibiotics for typical lung infections
Cefuroxime | Amoxicillin (+/- clay)
57
Main antibiotics for atypical lung infections
Doxycycline Azithromycin Moxi/Levo
58
Main antibiotics for inpt lung infections
Ceftriaxone + doxy or azithro (IV) | Moxi/Levo
59
Main skin microbiology
``` GAS MSSA GBS GGS E. Coli ```
60
PO skin microbiology antibiotics
Penicillin V or K Cephelexin Clindamycin
61
IV skin microbiology antibiotics
Cefazolin
62
Main urine microbiology
Klebsiella E. Coli Enterococcus Proteus
63
PO Abx for UTI
Septra Cipro Nitrofurantoin Cephalexin
64
IV abx for UTI
Ceftriaxone
65
Main brain microbiology
``` Neonates: -Klebsiella -L. monocytogenes -GBS -E.coli Children: - GBS - E. Coli - S. pneumonias - H.influenza - N. meningitides Young adults: - N. meningitides - S. pneumonias Older pts: - S. pneumonias ```
66
Abx for CNS infections
Ceftriaxone + vancomycin | Ampicillin
67
Abx for mild-mod sepsis infections
Ceftriaxone + Vanco
68
Abx for mod sepsis infections
Piptazo + vanco
69
Abx for severe infections
Carbapenems + Vanco
70
Pseudomonas
``` Meropenem Tobramycin Cipro Ceftazidime Cefepime Pip-Tazo ```
71
4 types of penicillins
Penicillin Aminopenicillin (amoxicillin, ampicillin) Amox-clav Piperacillin
72
Categories of beta lactams
1. Penicillin 2. Cephalosporins 3. Carbapenems
73
Categories of penicillins
1. Penicillins 2. Amino-penicillins 3. Cloxacillin 4. Piperacillin
74
2 antibiotics for chlamydia
Doxycycline | Azithromycin
75
PJP treatment
Septra
76
Tx for atypical pneumonia
Azithromycin Doxycycline Moxi/Levofloxacin
77
C. diff
Gram + bacilli
78
Staph
Gram + cocci in clusters
79
Strep
Gram + cocci in pairs
80
Enterococcus
Gram + cocci in pairs
81
Enterococcus tx
Ampicillin (+/- gentamicin for IE), nitrofurantoin (UTI)
82
Extended spectrum beta lactamases
Klebsiella, E. Coli, Proteus | Tx with carbapenems
83
SPACE-M
``` Nosocomial infections Serratia Providencia Acinetobacter Citrobacter Enterobacter Morganella ```
84
SPACE-M tx
Pip-Tazo Carbapenem Ceftazidime Cefepime
85
Inpt mild/mod non-ICU pneumonia
Cefuroxime or Amox/Clav + Doxy or clarithromycin or azithromycin OR Moxifloxacin
86
Inpt severe, ICU
Ceftriaxone + doxy or clarithro or azithro OR Moxifloxacin
87
Common pneumonia pathogens
``` S. pneumoniae H. influenza M. pneumonia C. pneumonia Legionella ```
88
Pathogens that can cause more severe pneumonias
Usual pneumonia pathogens S. aureus GAS Enterobactericiae (Klebsiella, E. Coli, Serratia), Haemophilus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, MRSA
89
HAP tx
Ceftriaxone + Doxy Pip-Tazo if many risk factors + Vanco if MRSA suspected
90
HAP
Pneumonia that started within 48h of admission (usually needs 5d)
91
Lung abscess tx
Clindamycin
92
Aspiration pneumonia
Clindamycin
93
Pneumonia tx course
7-8d for most
94
Patient population you treat asymptomatic bacteriuria in
Cirrhosis (controversial) | Pregnancy (cefixime 5d OR TMP/SMX for 3d as long as not in 1st trimester)
95
Cystitis empiric tx
Nitrofurantoin TMP/SMX Tetracycline Amox/clav
96
Complicated cystitis patients
Male Female >55 with urological complications SCI pt
97
Complicated cystitis tx
``` Nitrofurantoin Septra Tetracyclines Amox/clav Cefazolin Gentamicin ```
98
Pyelonephritis mild
Cefuroxime Amox-clav Septra
99
Pyelonephritis moderate
Ceftriaxone | + ampicillin (if enterococcus suspected)
100
Pyelonephritis severe
Pip-Tazo | Meropenem
101
Most common cause of IE
Staph aureus
102
Most common cause of IE in native valve in non-IDU
Viridans group strep and S. bovis
103
Enterococcus cause of IE
E. faecalis and E. faecium | Need beta-lactam or Vanco (breakdown cell wall) then amino glycoside to penetrate and kill bacteria
104
SSTI empiric abx
Septra OR doxy if no signs of systemic toxicity or immunocompromised Vanco or dap or linezolid if signs of systemic toxicity or immunocompromised
105
Cellulitis empiric abx
Cephalexin or penicillin if no signs of systemic toxicity/immunocompromsied Cefazolin IV if signs of systemic toxicity/immunocompromised
106
Cellulitis empiric abx if signs of necro fasciitis
Pip-Tazo and Vanco
107
Most common cause of cellulitis
Strep
108
Most common cause of septic arthritis
Staph
109
Septic arthritis gram + tx
Vanco IV 4 wks
110
Septic arthritis gram - tx
Ceftriaxone IV 4 wks

Clerkship (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions