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Clerkship > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

GAS

A

Penicillin

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2
Q

Strep pneumo

A

Amoxicillin

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3
Q

Complicated URTI

A

Amoxicillin-clavulanate

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4
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A

Cause of meningitis

Ampicillin

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5
Q

General good gram + coverage

A

Pip-Tazo, Vanco, Carbapenems

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6
Q

MSSA

A

Cloxacillin (or Cefazolin)

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7
Q

MRSA

A

Vancomycin, Linezolid, Daptomycin

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8
Q

VRE

A

Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci

Linezolid, Daptomycin

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9
Q

PO gram - coverage

A

Cipro
Septra
Amox-clav
Cephalexin

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10
Q

IV gram - coverage

A

Ceftriaxone
Gentamicin/tobramycin
Pip-Tazo

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11
Q

1st generation cephalosporins

A 
Cephalexin (Keflex PO)  
Cefazolin (Ancef IV)
Basic gram + (MSSA, GAS)
Gram -: PEcK = Proteus, E.Coli, Klebsiella
Clinical use: SSTI, pre-op prophylaxis
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12
Q

2nd generation cephalosporins

A 
Cefuroxime PO and IV  
Cefoxitin IV 
Basic gram + 
Gram -: PEcK + H. Influenzae 
Clinical use: URTI
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13
Q

3rd generation cephalosporins

A 
Ceftriaxone IV
Ceftazidime PO 
Cefixime PO
Basic gram +
Big gun gram - 
Clinical use: Inpt CAP (first line), GI, pyelonephritis/UTI, meningitis, gonorrhoea
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14
Q

4th generation cephalosporins

A

Cefipime IV
Gram+/-
Not used very much

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15
Q

3 types of carbapenems

A

Imipenem IV
Ertapenem IV
Meropenem IV

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16
Q

Carbapenem with no pseudomonas coverage

A

Ertapenem

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17
Q

Carbapenem coverage and clinical use

A

General gram +/-, including pseudomonas
Anaerobes
Pseudomonas, sepsis

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18
Q

Beta-lactam MOA

A

Cell well inhibitors by preventing cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains

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19
Q

Glycopeptides

A

Cell wall inhibitor

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20
Q

Main glycopeptide

A

Vancomycin

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21
Q

Vancomycin

A

Glycopeptide
PO/IV
Gram +
Clinical use: MRSA, C. diff (PO), Meningitis, pts with penicillin allergy
MEASURE TROUGH LEVELS (increase/decrease frequency accordingly)
Risks - renal, red man syndrome, cytopenia

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22
Q

Cyclic lipopeptide

A

Cell membrane depolarizer

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23
Q

Main cyclic lipopeptide

A

Daptomycin

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24
Q

Daptomycin

A

Cyclic lipopeptide
IV
Gram + (Vanco backup)
Clinical use: VRE

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25
Q

2 types of 30s ribosomal subunit inhibitor

A

Aminoglycosides

Tetracyclines

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26
Q

4 types of aminoglycosides

A 
30s ribosomal subunit inhibitors:
Gentamicin
Streptomycin
Tobramycin 
Amikacin
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27
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Gram -
MSSA
NO anaerobes
Tobra - Pseudomonas
Clinical use: UTI/pyelonephritis (if no other choices), pseudomonas
Synergy: Gentamicin + penicillin for enterococcus, viridian’s
Toxicity: Nephro, oto, vestibulotoxicity a/w tobramycin

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28
Q

2 types of tetracyclines

A

Doxycycline

Minocycline

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29
Q

Abx C/I in pregnant women and children = 8y.o.

A

Tetracyclines

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30
Q

Tetracyclines

A

PO
Gram +/-
Atypicals
Clinical use: Atypical pneumonias, STI (chlamydia), tick/lyme dz, community MRSA

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31
Q

3 types of 50s Ribosomal Subunit Inhibitors

A
  1. Macrolides
  2. Lincosamides
  3. Oxazolidinones
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32
Q

3 types of Macrolides

A

Azithromycin
CLarithromycin
Erythromycin

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33
Q

Azithromycin

A

Gram+/-
Atypicals
Clinical uses: Atypical pneumonia, H. pylori, STI (Chlamydia), MAC, traveller’s diarrhea (campylobacter)

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34
Q

Main type of Lincosamide

A

Clindamycin

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35
Q

Clindamycin

A

Gram +
Anaerobes
Clinical uses: Anaerobes above diaphragm (dental infections, lung abscess), cellulitis (MSSA, GAS)
Special note - A/W C.diff

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36
Q

Oxazolidinones

A

Linezolid
Gram + (MRSA, VRE)
Clinical ise: SSTI, UTI, RTI

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37
Q

Fluoroquinolone MOA

A

Nucleic acid inhibitor

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38
Q

3 types of fluoroquinolones

A

Ciprofloxacin
Moxifloxacin
Levofloxacin

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39
Q

Cipro

A 
Route: PO/IV
Main spectrum of activity
o	Gram –
o	Pseudomonas  
Key clinical uses
o	UTI 
o	Wound infections
o	Intrabdominal infections
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40
Q

Moxi

A 
Route: PO/IV 
Main spectrum of activity
o	Gram –  
o	No pseudomonas
o	Atypical gram + 
Key clinical uses
o	URTI/CAP
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41
Q

Levo

A 
Route: PO/IV
Main spectrum of activity
o	Gram – 
o	No pseudomonas
o	Atypical gram + 
Key clinical uses
o	URTI/CAP
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42
Q

Nitromidazole MOA and main type

A

Nucleic acid inhibitor

Metronidazole

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43
Q

Metronidazole

A

PO/IV
Anaerobes
Mild C.diff (GI), anaerobic infections below diaphragm)
Special notes: avoid EtOH

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44
Q

Rifampin MOA

A

Nucleic acid inhibitor

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45
Q

Rifampin

A 
PO 
Gram + 
Mycobacteria (TB) 
Clinical use: TB, gram+ biofilm 
Special notes: Turns body fluids orange, a/w hepatitis
46
Q

Nitrofurantoin MOA

A

Nucleic acid inhibitor

47
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A

PO
Gram -
Enterococcus
1st line for uncomplicated cystitis

48
Q

Sulpha abx MOA

A

Folic acid inhibition

49
Q

Main sulpha drug

A

TMP-SMX

50
Q

TMP-SMX

A

Septra
PO/IV
Gram+ and some gram -
Clinical use: Gram - UTIs, MRSA community (not 1st line) PJP

51
Q

IV penicillin

A

Pen G

52
Q

PO penicillin

A

Pen V or K

53
Q

IM penicillin

A

Benzathine penicillin

54
Q

Syphillis tx

A

IM penicillin

IV penicillin if neurosyphilis

55
Q

Main micro in outpt resp infections

A 
S. pneumo
H. influenza
Moraxella 
Klebsiella
E. Coli
Mycoplasma
CHalmydia
(Legionella)
56
Q

Main antibiotics for typical lung infections

A

Cefuroxime

Amoxicillin (+/- clay)

57
Q

Main antibiotics for atypical lung infections

A

Doxycycline
Azithromycin
Moxi/Levo

58
Q

Main antibiotics for inpt lung infections

A

Ceftriaxone + doxy or azithro (IV)

Moxi/Levo

59
Q

Main skin microbiology

A 
GAS 
MSSA
GBS 
GGS
E. Coli
60
Q

PO skin microbiology antibiotics

A

Penicillin V or K
Cephelexin
Clindamycin

61
Q

IV skin microbiology antibiotics

A

Cefazolin

62
Q

Main urine microbiology

A

Klebsiella
E. Coli
Enterococcus
Proteus

63
Q

PO Abx for UTI

A

Septra
Cipro
Nitrofurantoin
Cephalexin

64
Q

IV abx for UTI

A

Ceftriaxone

65
Q

Main brain microbiology

A 
Neonates:
-Klebsiella
-L. monocytogenes 
-GBS 
-E.coli
Children: 
- GBS
- E. Coli 
- S. pneumonias 
- H.influenza
- N. meningitides 
Young adults:
- N. meningitides 
- S. pneumonias 
Older pts:
- S. pneumonias
66
Q

Abx for CNS infections

A

Ceftriaxone + vancomycin

Ampicillin

67
Q

Abx for mild-mod sepsis infections

A

Ceftriaxone + Vanco

68
Q

Abx for mod sepsis infections

A

Piptazo + vanco

69
Q

Abx for severe infections

A

Carbapenems + Vanco

70
Q

Pseudomonas

A 
Meropenem
Tobramycin
Cipro
Ceftazidime
Cefepime 
Pip-Tazo
71
Q

4 types of penicillins

A

Penicillin
Aminopenicillin (amoxicillin, ampicillin)
Amox-clav
Piperacillin

72
Q

Categories of beta lactams

A
  1. Penicillin
  2. Cephalosporins
  3. Carbapenems
73
Q

Categories of penicillins

A
  1. Penicillins
  2. Amino-penicillins
  3. Cloxacillin
  4. Piperacillin
74
Q

2 antibiotics for chlamydia

A

Doxycycline

Azithromycin

75
Q

PJP treatment

A

Septra

76
Q

Tx for atypical pneumonia

A

Azithromycin
Doxycycline
Moxi/Levofloxacin

77
Q

C. diff

A

Gram + bacilli

78
Q

Staph

A

Gram + cocci in clusters

79
Q

Strep

A

Gram + cocci in pairs

80
Q

Enterococcus

A

Gram + cocci in pairs

81
Q

Enterococcus tx

A

Ampicillin (+/- gentamicin for IE), nitrofurantoin (UTI)

82
Q

Extended spectrum beta lactamases

A

Klebsiella, E. Coli, Proteus

Tx with carbapenems

83
Q

SPACE-M

A 
Nosocomial infections 
Serratia 
Providencia 
Acinetobacter 
Citrobacter
Enterobacter 
Morganella
84
Q

SPACE-M tx

A

Pip-Tazo
Carbapenem
Ceftazidime
Cefepime

85
Q

Inpt mild/mod non-ICU pneumonia

A

Cefuroxime or Amox/Clav + Doxy or clarithromycin or azithromycin
OR
Moxifloxacin

86
Q

Inpt severe, ICU

A

Ceftriaxone + doxy or clarithro or azithro
OR
Moxifloxacin

87
Q

Common pneumonia pathogens

A 
S. pneumoniae
H. influenza 
M. pneumonia 
C. pneumonia 
Legionella
88
Q

Pathogens that can cause more severe pneumonias

A

Usual pneumonia pathogens
S. aureus
GAS
Enterobactericiae (Klebsiella, E. Coli, Serratia), Haemophilus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, MRSA

89
Q

HAP tx

A

Ceftriaxone + Doxy
Pip-Tazo if many risk factors
+ Vanco if MRSA suspected

90
Q

HAP

A

Pneumonia that started within 48h of admission (usually needs 5d)

91
Q

Lung abscess tx

A

Clindamycin

92
Q

Aspiration pneumonia

A

Clindamycin

93
Q

Pneumonia tx course

A

7-8d for most

94
Q

Patient population you treat asymptomatic bacteriuria in

A

Cirrhosis (controversial)

Pregnancy (cefixime 5d OR TMP/SMX for 3d as long as not in 1st trimester)

95
Q

Cystitis empiric tx

A

Nitrofurantoin
TMP/SMX
Tetracycline
Amox/clav

96
Q

Complicated cystitis patients

A

Male
Female >55 with urological complications
SCI pt

97
Q

Complicated cystitis tx

A 
Nitrofurantoin
Septra 
Tetracyclines 
Amox/clav 
Cefazolin 
Gentamicin
98
Q

Pyelonephritis mild

A

Cefuroxime
Amox-clav
Septra

99
Q

Pyelonephritis moderate

A

Ceftriaxone

+ ampicillin (if enterococcus suspected)

100
Q

Pyelonephritis severe

A

Pip-Tazo

Meropenem

101
Q

Most common cause of IE

A

Staph aureus

102
Q

Most common cause of IE in native valve in non-IDU

A

Viridans group strep and S. bovis

103
Q

Enterococcus cause of IE

A

E. faecalis and E. faecium

Need beta-lactam or Vanco (breakdown cell wall) then amino glycoside to penetrate and kill bacteria

104
Q

SSTI empiric abx

A

Septra OR doxy if no signs of systemic toxicity or immunocompromised
Vanco or dap or linezolid if signs of systemic toxicity or immunocompromised

105
Q

Cellulitis empiric abx

A

Cephalexin or penicillin if no signs of systemic toxicity/immunocompromsied
Cefazolin IV if signs of systemic toxicity/immunocompromised

106
Q

Cellulitis empiric abx if signs of necro fasciitis

A

Pip-Tazo and Vanco

107
Q

Most common cause of cellulitis

A

Strep

108
Q

Most common cause of septic arthritis

A

Staph

109
Q

Septic arthritis gram + tx

A

Vanco IV 4 wks

110
Q

Septic arthritis gram - tx

A

Ceftriaxone IV 4 wks

Clerkship (7 decks)

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