antibiotics Flashcards
What is an antibiotic?
-chemical substance that is produced by microorganisms and has the capacity in dilute solution to selectively inhibit the growth or kill other microorganisms
antimicrobial/ antibacterial
-any substance of natural, semisynthetic or synthetic origin that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms/bacteria but causes little to no damage to the host
T/F: all antimicrobials are antibiotics but not all antibiotics are antimicrobials
FALSEEE: all antibiotics are antimicrobials but not all antimicrobial are antibiotics
uses for antimicrobials in animals
- therapeutic use: when diseased animals are treated
- prophylactic use: healthy herds or animals are treated to prevent infection
- metaphylactic use: diseased herds are treated to cure infection in some individuals and prevent infection in others
- growth promotion: used in healthy animals in sub-therapeutic concentrations to improve growth rate, efficiency of feed utilization, and reproductive performance
classification of antibacterials
- chemical structure
- origin (natural vs. synthetic)
- effect on bacteria (bacteriostatic vs. bactericidal)
- spectrum of activity (broad spectrum vs narrow spectrum)
- mode of action
penicillins (beta lactam)
- Penicillin G/V
- ampicillin/amoxicyllin
- amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid
tetracyclines (beta lactam)
- tetracycline
- oxytetracycline
- doxycycline
quinolones (beta lactam)
- oxolinic acid
- enroflaxacin/marbofloxacin
- pradofloxacin norfloxacin
sulfonamides (beta lactam)
- sulfiadiazine
- sulfadiazine/trimethoprim
phenicols (beta lactam)
- chloramphenicol
- florfenicol
cephalosporins (beta lactam)
- cefalexin/cephadroxil
- cefpodoxime/ceftiofur
- cefovecin, cefquinome
macrolides (beta lactams)
- erythromycin
- tiamulin, tilmicosin
lincosamides (beta lactams)
-lycomycin/clindamycin
aminoglycosides (beta-lactams)
- streptomycin
- gentamicin/neomycin
- amikacin
polypeptides (beta-lactams)
colistin/polymixin
