Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FNP board review > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) flashcards
1
Q

Gram positive (continued)

A 
Staph saprophyticus (young female,aggressively sexually active)
Nocardia sp
Corynebacterium sp 
Lactobacillus sp 
Listeria monocytogenes 
Mycobacterium aviu 
Propionibacterium acne
Clostridium botulinum, tetani and difficile
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gram Positive ( thick peptidoglycan layer)

A

Strep pneumoniae
Strep pyogenes (Group A Hemolytic strep)
Strep agalactiae ( Group B Hemolytic strep)
Strep bovis ( associated with colon cancer)
Viridans strep
Enterococcus faecalis
Enterococcus faecium
Staph aureus
Staph epidermis (prosthetic devices and catheters)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Gram negative (thin peptidoglycan layer)

A

Nisseria meningitidis
Nisseria gonnorrhea

Moxarella catarrhalis 
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Bordatella pertussis
Legionella pneumophilia
Haemophilus influenzae 
Acinetobacter baumannii, calcoaceticus
Serration marcescens
Pasturella multocida (main bug in animal bites)
E. Coli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Gram negative (continued)

A 
Klebsiella pneumoniae 
Proteus mirabilis 
Proteus vulgaris 
Shigella
Salmonella 
Bacteroides Species:
B. fragilis 
B. faecalis
B. vulgaris
B. adolescentia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Common Anaerobes

A 
Enterbacteriaceae species
Lactobacillus species
Clostridium species
Bacteroides species
Enterococci species
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Encapsulated ( ability to evade immune system so have vaccines for)

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Nisseria meningitidis
Haemophilus influenzae (type B)
Klebsiella pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Atypical

A

Chlamydia
Legionella
Mycoplasma pneumoniae ( no cell wall)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Normal microbial flora in the body

Skin

A 
Staph epidermis 
Staph aureus 
Strep pyogenes (can cause impetigo)
Corynebacterium 
Propionibacterium acnes 
Candida species
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Normal microbial flora in the body

Mouth and oropharynx

A 
Staph epidermis 
Staph aureus 
Beta Hemolytic streptococci
Strep pneumoniae 
Strep viridans 
Strep mutans (dental plaque)
Mozzarella catarrhalis 
Haemophilus influenzae 
Bacteroides species
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Normal microbial flora in the body

Nose

A 
Staph epidermis 
Strep pneumoniae 
Strep viridans 
Staph aureus 
Haemophilus influenzae 
Nisseria meningitidis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Normal microbial flora in the body

GI tract

A 
Lactobacillus sp
Clostridium sp
Enterococci sp
Bacteroides sp - B vulgatus/ B fragilis 
Enterobacteriaceae- E. coli
Proteus mirabilis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Normal microbial flora in the body

Urethra

A 
Staph epidermis 
Step sp
Bacteroides sp
Fusobacterium sp
F nucleatum 
Peptostreptococcos sp
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Normal microbial flora in the body

Vagina

A 
Lactobacillus acidophilus 
Group B hemolytic strep
Bacteroides sp
Peptostreptococcus sp
Gardnerella vaginalis 
Staph epidermis
Enterococcus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Class of drugs (Beta Lactamase)
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

Penicillins

A

Aque. PCN G
Benzathine PCN G/ PCN V potassium
PCN-Resistant PCN (Gr+): Dicloxacillin, Nafcillin, Oxacillin
AminoPCN (Gr+&-): Amoxicillin, Ampicillin
Extended spectrum PCN (+,-,anaerobic): Ticarcillin,Pipercilin
BL inhibitors ( +,-,anaerobes,pseudo,enterococcus): Amoxicillin/Clav(no pseudo), Amp/SUB, Ticar/CA, Piper/TZ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Class of drugs (Beta Lactamase)
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

Cephalosporins 1st generation (mostly Gr+ coverage)

A 
Cephalexin 
Cefadroxil 
Cefazolin 
Ceflothin 
Cephradine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Class of drugs (Beta Lactamase)
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

Cephalosporins 2nd Generation (mostly gram+ but some gram-)

A 
Cefaclor 
Cefuroxime 
Cefprozil 
Loracarbef 
Cefoxitin 
Cefotetan
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Class of drugs (Beta Lactamase)
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

Cephalosporins 3rd Generation ( reduction in Gr+ coverage and increase in Gr- coverage including pseudomonas)

A 
Cefdinir 
Cefixime 
Ceftibuten 
Cefotaxime 
Cefoperazone 
Ceftazidine 
Ceftriaxone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Class of drugs (Beta Lactamase)
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

Cephalosporins 4th Generation ( improved both Gr+&- coverage including pseudomonas)

A

Cefepime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Class of drugs (Beta Lactamase)
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

Monobactams ( cover one type of bacteria Gr - infection, cover pseudomonas)

A

Azactam

20
Q

Class of drugs (Beta Lactamase)
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

Carbapenems ( covers MDR, pseudomonas,no coverage for enterococcus)

A

Imipenem/ Cilastatin( cilastatin prevents Imipenem induced nephrotoxicity

Meropenem
Ertapenem( no coverage over pseudomonas)
Doripenem

21
Q

Classes of Drugs (other types of cell wall synthesis inhibitors)

Glycopeptide

A

Vancomycin
MRSA (IV)
C-diff (PO)

SE: Anaphylactoid reaction (red face,torso), nephrotoxicity,ototoxicity, thrombophlebitis

22
Q

Classes of Drugs (other types of cell wall synthesis inhibitors)

Lipoglycopeptide (Telavancin)Vanco derivative

A

Skin infection caused by MRSA, strep pyogenes, enterococcus

SE: nephrotoxicity, c-diff, torsades,interference with some anticoagulantion testing

23
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

Do not kill bacteria, rely on existing immune system

ECSTaTiC
Erythromycin, Clindamycin, Sulfamethoxazole, Trimethroprim, Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol

24
Q

Bacteriocidal

A

Kills bacteria regardless of immune system

Very Finely Proficient At Cell Murder

Vancomycin, Fluroquinolones, Penicillin, Aminoglycosides, Cephalosporins, Metronidazole

25
Q

Class of drugs

Protein synthesis inhibitors

Macrolides
Gr+&-, atypical, good cellular penetration 50S

A

Erythromycin
Clarythromycin
Azithromycin

26
Q

Class of drugs

Protein synthesis inhibitors

Ketolides ( Gr +&-‘ atypical, MDR Strep pneumoniae) 50S

A

Telithromycin

Watch for liver toxicity, MG is a CI, visual disturbances

27
Q

Class of drugs

Protein synthesis inhibitors

Tetracyclines ( Gr -, anaerobes, atypical, MRSA, spores) 30 S

A

Tetracycline
Minocycline
Doxycycline
( teeth staining, decrease bone growth, chelates cations, DO NOT GIVE

28
Q

Class of drugs

Protein synthesis inhibitors

Glycylcyclines ( Gr+, -, anaerobes,MRSA, enterococcus)
Derivatives of Tretra. 30S

A

Tigercycline

Treats MRSA , enterococcus faecalis, may discolor teeth, solution red-orange

29
Q

Class of drugs

Protein synthesis inhibitors
Anaerobic agents( Gr +, some MRSA) bacteroides species that cause BV
A

Clindamycin
Lincomycin
SE: c diff, neutropenia,risk for pre term birth if cam used for BV

30
Q

Class of drugs

Protein synthesis inhibitors

Oxazolidinone ( Gr +, VRE, MDRs, pneumonia, diabetic foot infection, MRSA, CAP, ) 50S

A

Linezolid ( has MAO inhibitor properties may cause thrombocytopenia and myelosupression)

31
Q

Class of drugs

Protein synthesis inhibitors

Streptogramins ( Gr +, -, VRE, MRSA, MDRs, S. pneumoniae) 50 S

A

Quinupristin/dalfopristin ( phlebitis, incompatible with. NS, hyperbilirubinemia, arthralgias, myalgia so.

32
Q

Aminoglycosides ( Gr -, pseudomonas, proteus, serratia, Gr+ staph, anaerobes) 30S

A

Amikacin
Gentamicyn
Tobramycin( dose depends on peak concentrations needed for a particular infection and based on renal function)
SE: renal and ototoxicity, NEVER used for OM, only for OE

33
Q

Other classes of Antibiotics

Fluoroquinolones ( Gr+, -, anaerobes , atypicals, pseudomonas ( Cipro, Leva) enterococcus ( good cellular penetration)

A 
Ciprofloxacin 
Levofloxacin
Moxifloxacin
Norfloxacin
Ofloxacin
Gemifloxacin
( not in pedis, may lead to tendon rupture, not in pregnancy, absorption issues if given with cations. Ophthalmic- frequency may be an issue
34
Q

Cyclc Lipopeptide ( Gr +, MRSA, enterococcus)

A

Daptomycin

35
Q

Anaerobic agents ( alternative agent for H. pylori, Protozoa, BV, FIRST LINE FOR Cdiff colitis, BV, & Parasitic infections

A

Metronidazole ( prodrug, avoid in 1st trimester, unpleasant taste, peripheral neuropathies, seizures, AVOID ETOH & propylene glycol, inhibitor of CYP2C9- be cautious with WARFARIN

36
Q

Trimethroprim/ Sulfamethoxazole ( Bactrim)

Bacteroides ( Gr+,-, Fungal, PJP/PCP)

A

Inhibit folic acid synthesis
SE: mild GI, RASH , BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION
Clinical issues: avoid in the last trimester or breastfeeding. Stephen Johnsons syndrome, inhibitor 2C9 warfarin, increase fluid intake, avoid sun exposure

37
Q 
Sulfones
Bacteriostatic ( PJP/PCP) alternative in sulfa allergies
A

Dapsone

38
Q

Nitrofurantoin ( Gr +, -, that cause UTIs- prevention and treatment of UTIs)

A

Clinical issues: hemolytic anemia, prolonged use associated with pulmonary toxicity, peripheral neuropathy. Probenecid can inhibit its excretion, avoid in pregnancy, labor & delivery

39
Q

Antimycobacterials antitubercular

A 
First line: 
INH
Rifampin
PZA
Ethambutol
40
Q

INH ( bacteriocidal)

A

Clinical issues

Injures neurons and hepatocytes, AVOID ETOH, depletes Vit B 6

41
Q

Rifampin ( bacteriocidal)

RNA polymerase inhibitor, Red urine/fluids, Ramps up enzymes, Rapid resistance when used alone

A

Used also as adjunct w beta lactams and glycopeptides for difficult Gr+ infections, Monotherapy only for prophylaxis: given to carries of N. Meningitidis
SE: hepatotoxic , all bodily fluids can became red hue , flulike symptoms.
Clinical issues: CYP3A4 inducer ( can lower concentrations of warfarin, OCs, anticonvulsant)

42
Q

Pyrazinamide (PZA): bacteriocidal

A

SE: Hyperuricemia

43
Q

Ethambutol ( bacteriocidal)

A

Must be combined with other agents
SE: optic neuritis, Hyperuricemia,
Clinical issues: Renal dose adjust, at least 2 hrs from antacids

44
Q

Antifungal
Ergosterol inhibitors
MOA: lipophilic drug binds to ergosterol
Amphotericin ( susceptible: Sporothrisx schenckii- from rose bushes thorns)

A

Dosing: premed w NSAID w or wo Benadryl or APAP
Oral candidiasis
Dermal infection
Clinical issues: give over 4-6 hrs, if given too fast cause chills, hypotension, only compatible with D5W
NEPHROTOXICITY ( bonus 250 cc IVF before and after infusion). MONITOR CBC, CHEM 7 ( can increase toxicity with Digoxin and neuromuscular blockers).

45
Q

Ergosterol inhibitors
MOA: lipophilic drug binds to ergosterol

Nystatin ( topical cream, powder, swish &swallow or vaginal tablet)

A

Used for cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and oral fungal infections
Frequency of dosage biggest issue

46
Q

Ergosterol inhibitors
MOA: lipophilic drug binds to ergosterol

Terbinafine

A

Treat Candida albicans, onychomycosis,
SE: GI , dysguesia, hepatotoxic ( get a AST, ALT as baseline and periodically thereafter)
Contraindications: CrCl

FNP board review (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions